在定量研究中，研究者被视为( )。
A．倡导者
B．协调者
C．组织者
D．旁观者
参考答案：D
解析： 在定量研究中，研究者被视为旁观者，研究者是以自己的视角解剖研究对象的世界，研究一般是结果导向，依托某些理论提出若干假设，并用接触性的或控制性的手法收集数量资料，其资料是非整体的，其结果具有一般性，有时具有可推论性。在定性研究中，研究者被视为自己人，研究者依托研究对象的视角把握资料，研究注重过程，理论往往是研究结果的提炼产品，研究者通过观察、访问等非控制性的、自然的手法收集非数量的资料，其资料具有整体性，其结果只反映对象的情况而不具有一般性和可推论性。
Blood donation(献血), also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way to contribute to social work and help the community. It helps to save lives and helps those who are in need of blood due to bad condition or the heavy loss of blood during operations or in accidents. You are able to give or donate blood every three or four month, and it is a great way to make a huge difference to someone’s life and you can always be proud of it after making valuable contributions to society. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind. Before donating blood, make sure that the ferrum (铁) level in your body is high enough and for that you should take a healthy diet. Do not go for blood donation on an empty stomach. You should follow the correct process so that everything goes well. After having a balanced diet you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. Afterwards, you will not feel faint or weak. For required hemoglobin (血红蛋白) in your body, drink lots of juice and other drinks. Fruit juice, such as apple juice is very good for increasing the blood level in your body. For a good blood flow（流动） in your body, drink at least 6-7 glasses of water every day. Completely avoid a day before and after giving blood, taking alcohol (酒). Do not smoke half an hour before giving blood. When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed, which helps keep the right blood pressure（血压）. During the blood donation activity, take a deep breath and try to calm yourself. Don’t join in some other activities. When you donate blood, you are making the effort to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very simple and fast process, but you need to take care of yourself after donating blood. Proper care helps to reduce side effects. The following are a few tips that will help you out. Take a rest for 15 minutes after the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed. Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation center. Make sure that you have meals after donating blood. Smoking should be avoided for one hour after the process. Avoid some activities right away, for example, driving. Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing in helping to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very important activity.
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