问题 综合题

(13分)外国人很重视研究中国,阅读下列材料:

材料一 宋代经济已含有近代商业的很多因素。公元9世纪中国出现了汇票形式的纸币(飞钱),用于从遥远的外地购买商品。随后私人金融家开始发行票据,只需付3%的手续费即可兑换成现钞。1023年政府收购了最有名的一家钱庄,票据首次兑换成由政府担保的纸币。

农业和手工业的分工需要同样发达的经济组织。宋朝时的中国已经有了一些经纪人.奔走于地方市场与中央市场之间。宋朝人精通批发和零售的概念,谙熟合同、利息、合股公司、营销点、特许经销权、仓储和佣金。宋朝的中国已经有了专业经理,负责经营与自已非亲非故的人的公司。宋朝时还有理财专家,负责客户的投资业务。

——(美)查尔斯·默里《文明的解析》

材料二 1821年英人伯顿出了一本奇书《忧郁症的解剖》,赞誉中国人……有组织良好、效率很高的政府,有完善的选拔举用人才的文官制度。他说:中国人“从哲学家和博士中挑选官员,他们政治上的显贵是从德行上的显贵中提拔上来的。”“他们……不论在战时或平时,就是保卫和治理他们的国家;而不像(英国)许多人那样,只知道放鹰打猎,吃喝玩耍。”

材料三 梁启超认为,旧中国在家庭伦理方面发展了高度的个人道德观,但……在公共道德和公民操行方面……是不够的。这样,他否定了儒教中国的狭隘忠诚和以家庭为中心的自私观念,而主张集体的民主和建立一个强大的国家。

——[美]费正清《伟大的中国革命》

请回答:

(1)据材料一看,宋代出现了哪些近代经济因素?(2分)据你看来,这些因素后来为什么没有进一步发展,并使中国步入近代社会?(3分)

(2)据材料二并结合所学知识,指出材料中“有组织良好、效率很高的政府,有完善的选拔举用人才的文官制度”的事例。(3分)你如何看待作者对东西方官员的评价。(3分)

(3)据材料三,说明当时中国社会的家庭伦理观有什么变化。(1分)结合时代背景分析变化的原因。(2分)

答案

(1)因素:汇票形式的纸币;专业经纪人;批发和零售的形式;专业经理;理财专家;合同、合股公司、佣金等。(2分,任意答出两点即得2分)原因:自然经济的阻碍;重农抑商和闭关锁国的政策;封建制度的阻挠。(3分)

(2)三省六部制,军机处;科举制。(3分)不尽合理,作者对东西方官员的评价过于绝对化。中国专制制度走向衰落,统治腐朽,吏治腐败;而英国已经建立了资本主义代议制,新兴资产阶级努力工作,有较强的上进心。(3分)

(3)变化:在注重个人道德观的同时,更注重公共道德和公民操行的培养。(1分)原因:民族资本主义的发展;西学东渐,民主思想的传播;民族危机的加深。(2分,任意两点即得满分)

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                      SPECIAL EVENTS THIS WEEKEND

                                                 Captain Good Fellow

    Do your children enjoy interesting stories, funny games, and exciting dances? Captain

Good Fellow will be ready to teach all these things to children of all ages at the City

Theatre on Saturday morning at 10:00, Free.

                                             Walking Tour of the Town

    Forget your worries on Saturday morning. Take a beautiful walk and learn about local

history. Meet at the front entrance of City Hall at 9:30. Wear comfortable shoes! 

                                                  Films at the Museum

    Two European films will be shown Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre. See Broken

Window at 1:30. The workers will be at 3:45. For further information, call 4987898.

                                                    International Picnic

    Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and

enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive. Noon to 5:00 pm. 

                                              Take Me out to the Ballgame

    It's October, and tonight is your last chance to see the Redbirds this year. Get your

tickets at the gate. It might be cold;don't forget sweaters and jackets. 

                                              Do You Want to Hear "The Zoo"

    "The Zoo", a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first US concert

tomorrow night at 8:00 at Rose Hall, City College.

1. You can probably eat Chinese, Italian, and Arab food _____. [ ]

A. at the front entrance of City Hall

B. at the Ballgame

C. at Central Park on Saturday

D. at 5:00 pm

2. You can see movies at _____.

[ ]

A. the City College

B. the Museum Theatre

C. the City Theatre

D. the Central Park

3. If you are going on the Walking Tour, don't forget _____. [ ]

A. your comfortable shoes

B. your beautiful walk

C. your learning about local history

D. your worries

4. "The Zoo" is _____. [ ]

A. a park with lots of animals

B. US concert

C. a music group

D. going to give the concert at 8:00 am

单项选择题