问题 实验题

在进行“观察植物细胞的有丝分裂”实验中,甲~戊五位同学在剪取洋葱根尖后立即进行的操作步骤如下表(一)表(一)(十号表示作了相应处理,一号表示未作相应处理)

(1)甲、乙、丙观察到的实验结果分别是_________。(请从下列序号中选择)

A.染色体未着上颜色,无法看清 B.细胞重叠,分不清染色体

C.染色体着上颜色,清晰可见 D.染色体着色很浅,模糊不清

(2)上述操作中用到了盐酸和酒精,它们按一定比例混合使用,它的作用是_______________。

(3)戊同学观察到了许多呈长方形的细胞,但未找到有丝分裂各时期的图象,可能的原因是___________。

(4)采用物理或化学方法可以抑制细胞的有丝分裂,使细胞停留在细胞周期的某一个阶段,如下表(二)所示,“-”表示停留时期。根据上面表格(二)的内容回答下列问题:

①.加入过量的胸苷抑制有丝分裂的最可能原因是________________。胸苷的抑制作用是可逆的,当把过量的胸苷去除,细胞可以恢复正常分裂。

②.要观察细胞内的染色体,最好采用哪种方法处理,为什么?______________________。

③.秋水仙素和低温抑制细胞分裂的原理常被利用于生产、生活或科学研究,就这两种方法各举一个在实际中的应用实例:______________________;______________________。

答案

(1)B、D、A

(2)使组织细胞分离(解离)

(3)观察部位不正确(该同学看到的是伸长区细胞或成熟区细胞)

(4)①.抑制DNA(或染色体)的复制

②.用秋水仙素处理。 因为秋水仙素使细胞有丝分裂停留在中期,此时的染色体形态固定,数目清晰,便于观察计数

③.用秋水仙素诱导染色体加倍,可以产生多倍体,如无籽西瓜;家用电冰箱储存食物,低温抑制菌类繁殖。(答案合理即给分)

阅读理解
A Simple Scientific Experiment
Below is a description of a single scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts ( 反应) with air and with water.
Aim : To find out if iron rusts( 生锈) (a) in dry air ; (b) in water that has no air in it ( air- free water) ; (c) in ordinary water.
Materials : 3 clean iron nails ( 铁钉) ; test tubes ; test tube holder ; cotton wool ; oil ; Bunsen burner.
Iron in dry air
Method
(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.
(2)Push some cotton wool down the tube.
(3)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
After one week, the nails have not rusted.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in dry air.
Iron in air-free water
Method
(1)Half-fill a test tube with water.
(2)Boil the water for three minutes. (This makes sure there is no air in the water.
(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.
(4)Add some oil to the water. (This will keep air out of the water.)
(5) Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water.
Conclusion
Iron does not rust in air- free water.
Iron in ordinary water
Method
(1)Half –fill a test tube with water and add two or three clean nails.
(2)Leave the tube for one week.
Result
The nails rust in the tube with ordinary water.
Conclusion
Iron rusts in ordinary water. (238 words)
小题1:In the first part of the experiment the cotton wool is most probably used to ______________.
A.keep the air dryB.keep the tube wet
C.make the nails rustD.keep the tube clean
小题2:What are necessary steps to make sure the water in the tube is air free?
①Leave half a tube of water in it              
②Boil the water for some time
③Put some clean iron nails in the tube           
④Add some oil to the water
A.①②B.①③C.②③D.②④
小题3:We can conclude from the experiment that only ____________ makes iron rusty.
A.dry airB.cotton woolC.ordinary waterD.air-free water
单项选择题