问题 单项选择题

在非确定决策中,首先从每一个方案中选择一个在不同自然状态下的最小收益值(或最大损失值),作为评价方案的基础。然后,再从这些最小收益值(或最大损失值)的方案中选择一个收益最大(或损失最小)的方案。这是按( )来决策的。

A.悲观准则

B.乐观准则

C.折中准则

D.后悔准则

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 悲观准则,亦称“小中取大”准则。首先从每一个方案中选择一个在不同自然状态下的最小收益值(或最大损失值),作为评价方案的基础。然后,再从这些最小收益值(或最大损失值)的方案中,选择一个收益值最大(或损失值最小)的方案,作为比较满意的方案,这是按悲观准则来决策的。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

    Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school for only four years. He has

to do the hard work but he's paid less. He likes to watch football matches very much and spends much

time on it. One evening there was a big football match on a playground. He borrowed some money from

his friend and hurried there. There were a lot of people there. And all the tickets were sold out. He was

sorry for it. He saw a pole outside the playground and climbed up the pole quickly. A policeman came and

said, "It's dangerous to stay on it! Come down!" "Wait a minute, please!" Henry said and immediately the

policeman heard the cheers (欢呼) in the playground and asked in a hurry, "Which team has scored a goal

(进球)?" "Ours!" "Wonderful! You can stay there. But be careful!" the policeman said happily and left. A

few minutes before the match was over, he came back again and asked, "Who's won?" "Theirs, three to

two." "Come down," the policeman said angrily. "Such a match isn't worth watching!" Henry had to come

down. But soon they heard cheers again. The policeman said in a hurry, "Climb up quickly and see who's

scored a goal!"

1. Henry isn't well paid because ______. [ ]

A. he doesn't work hard

B. he works in a poor factory

C. he didn't learn much when young

D. he isn't interested in his work

2. Henry stayed on the pole because ______. [ ]

A. he could see the match clearly there

B. he didn't buy a ticket for the match

C. he didn't want to buy a ticket

D. he had no money for a ticket

3. Why did the policeman soon change his mind? [ ]

A. Because it was safe on the pole.

B. Because he was also interested in the match.

C. Because Henry didn't pay for the match.

D. Because Henry was a funny man.

4. What made the policeman angry? [ ]

A. Henry's not understanding his warning

B. Henry's refusing to tell the score

C. Henry's watching the match for free

D. Their team's losing the match

5. We can infer (推测) from the passage that ______. [ ]

A. Henry used to watch football matches for free

B. the policeman would punish Henry

C. both Henry and the policeman are superfans

D. the policeman used to watch football matches for nothing

单项选择题