问题 综合题

(15分)[历史上重大改革回眸]

19世纪中后期,俄国、日本、中国先后进行了近代化改革的实践。阅读下列材料

材料一 农民革命的威胁迫使政府开始准备农村改革。甚至沙皇及其赖以存在的支柱农奴地主也意识到必须废除农奴制。……中等地产的贵族希望农业沿着资本主义方向发展,这些地主占有全部地主半数,占有大部分农奴。……农奴主也好,自由派也好,他们所关心的都是防止农民革命,想用和平的方法,以让步和妥协为代价使俄国的农村转入资产阶级的逐渐改革,从而把权利和土地留在地主手中。

——《苏联通史》第二卷

材料二 有位外国史学家将日本与中国进行对比,认为日本的变革有这样一些优势:“日本诸岛地理位置的紧凑既促进了民族团结,又有利于新价值观和新知识在全国的传播。也使这个国家容易遭受和认识外国的压迫,不像中国内地诸省长期以来很难受到西方的影响。此外由于日本有向伟大的中国文化世界借用某些东西的悠久传统,因而19世纪同样的借用西方世界的东西时,发生的冲突较少、痛苦较小。”“同中国铁板一块的特点相比,日本的政体和社会结构具有多元化的特点。”

(1)材料一中俄国社会各阶层(或阶级)对农奴制的基本态度如何?根据材料一概括他们持这一态度的主要原因。(7分)

(2)材料二认为日本的明治维新之所以取得成功,主要有哪些方面的优势?明治维新与

戊戌变法一成一败,关键原因是什么? (8分) 

答案

判断题
阅读理解

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每题3分,满分60分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

www.bigisland. ong

One of the best Hawaiian travel sites – easy to use, and packed with a full – service menu: accommodations, activities (including description of individual beaches and golf courses), tours, and a section on the island’s volcanic personality – all with links for further information. Developed by the island’s visitors organization, it’s the best overall website on the Big island.

www.nps.gov/havo

A must – read for anyone planning to do some volcano visiting. At first glance, this Naticnal Park Service website for Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is little more than a quick overview (总览), but click on the blue “In - depth” button for the full story. It is packed with both useful travel tips and advice that could even save your life; Read the well – illustrated section, “Viewing Lava(熔岩):Common Sense is Not Enough.” On a lighter note, the pages detail hiking trails throughout the park, with fine government maps and background on the wildlife. See the links page for three other, lesser – known NPS parks on the island. A superb site.

www.konaweb.com

Everything from a visitors’ guide to tips if you are planning a move to the islands, with numerous links. The overview of the island (and especially the beach scenery)

is worth a stop.

www.interpac.net/mtbike

First stop for mountain bikers. Produced by the island’s mountain bike association, it includes descriptions and maps for 10 public off – road trails and contacts for local bike shops.

www.Hawaii.gov/dlnr/dsp/hawaii.html

Brief illustrated guide to the island’s state parks, from the Hawaiian Department of Land and Natural Resources.

www.Coffeetimes.com

If you can resist the Kona coffee pages for a moment, check out the “Alternative Guide to the Big Island” at the bottom of the page. Also some interesting Big Island Links.

56.This passage is a(n)               .

A.collection of travel links  B.introduction of mountain travel

C.suggestion of travel outside     D.collection of traveling pictures

57.If you want to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the islands, you can land the following website EXCEPT         .

A.www.konaweb.com B.www.interpac.net/mtbike

C.www.nps.gov/havo  D.www.Hawaii.gov/dlnr/dsp/hawaii.html

58.If a tourise wants to visit a dead volcano, he can           .

A.go to the Hawaiian Department of Land

B.have a dip into the links of the Big Island

C.go to Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park

D.follow the off – road trails of mountain bikers

59.From the passage, we can infer that         .

A.it is very dangerous to visit the Big Island

B.all the links belong to the same website

C.Coffeetimes has accesses to the Big Island website

D.the writer encourages travelers in mountain biking