问题 单项选择题

男,32岁,呼吸困难3~4年,查体:心尖区舒张期杂音及三尖瓣区全收缩期吹风性杂音。心脏望诊时可看到

A.心尖搏动向左向下移位

B.心尖搏动增强

C.心尖搏动减弱

D.负性心尖搏动

E.胸骨上窝搏动

答案

参考答案:D

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成(1)-(4)题。

优哉游哉

【德】海因里希·伯尔

  在欧洲西海岸的一个码头,一个衣着寒碜的人躺在他的渔船里闭目养神。

  一位穿着很时髦的游客迅速把一卷新的彩色胶卷装进照相机,准备拍下面前这美妙的景色:湛蓝的天空,蔚蓝的大海,雪白的浪花,黑色的渔艇,红色的渔帽。“咔嗒”。再来一下,“咔嗒”。德国人有句俗话:好事成三。为保险起见,再来个第三下,“咔嗒”。这清脆但又扰人的声响,把正在闭目养神的渔夫吵醒了。他睡眼惺忪地直起身来,开始找他的烟盒。还没等找到,热情的游客已经把一盒烟递到他跟前。“咔嗒”。这第四下“咔嗒”是打火机的响声。于是,殷勤的客套就结束了。这过分的客套带来了一种尴尬的局面。游客操着一口本地话,想与渔夫攀谈来缓和一下气氛。

  “您今天准会捕到不少鱼。”

  渔夫摇摇头。

  “不过,听说今天的天气很利于捕鱼。”

  渔夫点点头。

  游客激动起来了。显然,他很关注这个衣着寒碜的人的境况,对渔夫错失良机很是惋惜。

  “哦,您的身体不舒服?”

  渔夫终于从只是点头和摇头到开口说话了。“我的身体挺好,”他说,“我从来没感到这么好!”他站起来,伸展了一下四肢,仿佛要显示一下自己的体魄是多么强健,“我感到自己好极了!”

  游客的表情显得愈加困惑了,他再也按捺不住心中的疑问,这疑问简直使他的心都炸开了:“那么,您为什么不出海呢?”

  回答是干脆的:“早上我已经出海了。”

  “捕的鱼多吗?”

  “不少,所以也就用不着再出海了。我的鱼篓已经装了四只龙虾,还捕到差不多两打鲭鱼……”渔夫总算彻底打消了睡意,气氛也随之变得融洽了些。他安慰似的拍拍游客的肩膀。在他看来,游客的担忧虽说多余,却是深切的。

  “这些鱼,够我明天后天吃了。”为了使游客的心情轻松些,他又说:“抽一支我的烟吧?”

  “好,谢谢。”

  他们把烟放在嘴里,又响起了第五下“咔嗒”。游客摇着头,坐在船沿上。他放下手中的照相机,好腾出手来加强他的语气。

  “当然,我并不想多管闲事”,他说,“但是,试想一下,要是您今天第二次、第三次,甚至第八次出海,那您会捕到三打、四打、五打甚至十打的鲭鱼。您不妨想想看。”渔夫点点头。

  “要是您,”游客接着说,“要是您不光今天,而且明天、后天,对了,每逢好天气两次、三次,甚至四次出海——您知道那会怎样?”

  渔夫摇摇头。

  “顶多一年,您就能买到一台发动机,两年内就可以再买一条船,三四年内您或许就能弄到一条小型机动渔船。用这两条船或者这条机动渔船您也就能捕到更多的鱼——有朝一日,您将会……”他兴奋得好一会儿说不出话来。“您将可以建一座小小的冷藏库,或者一座熏鱼厂,过一段时间再建一座海鱼腌制厂。您将驾驶着自己的直升机在空中盘旋,寻找更多的鱼群,并用无线电指挥您的渔船,到别人不能去的地方捕鱼。您还可以开一间鱼餐馆,用不着经过中间商就把龙虾出口到巴黎——然后……”兴奋又一次哽住了这位游客的喉咙。他摇着头,满心的惋惜把假期的愉快一扫而光。他望着那徐徐而来的海潮和水中欢跳的小鱼。“然后——”他说,但是,激动再一次使他的话噎住了。

  渔夫拍了一下卡住了嗓子的他。“然后又怎么样呢?”他轻声问道。

  “然后,”游客定了一下神,“您就可以优哉游哉地坐在码头上在阳光下闭目养神,再不用眺望那浩瀚的大海。”

  “可是,现在我已经这样做了,”渔夫说,“我本来就优哉游哉地在码头上闭目养神,只是您的‘咔嗒’声打扰了我。”

  显然,这位游客受到了启发,他若有所思地离开了。此时,在他心里,对这个衣着寒碜的渔夫已没有半点的同情,有的只是一点儿嫉妒。(有删改)

(1)下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括,不恰当的两项是(     )

A.文中游客开始想与渔夫攀谈时,渔夫只是摇摇头和点点头,表明他敷衍游客,不想在闭目养神时被打扰。

B.游客满怀热情地开导渔夫,文中采用了“延迟”手法,让游客对渔夫的开导在一组组对话中完成,增强了小说的曲折性,使叙事更加生动。

C.文中的渔夫衣着寒碜,却优哉游哉地在码头闭目养神,作者在对比中刻画了一个慵懒、不思进取的人物形象。

D.文中采用对话的语言形式,游客喋喋不休,渔夫寡言应付,符合当时的场景和人物身份,显得真实可信。

E.文中的五次“咔嗒”声是形容照相机或打火机的响声,目的是吸引读者的注意力,激发读者的阅读兴趣。

(2)小说开篇写一个衣着寒碜的渔夫“躺在他的渔船里闭目养神”,有何作用?

答:____________________________________________________

(3)这篇小说描写游客和渔夫时,多处采用对比映衬的手法,请简要分析。

答:____________________________________________________

(4)小说最后一段写“这位游客受到了启发,他若有所思地离开了”,试探究游客离开的原因。

答:____________________________________________________

单项选择题

Is test anxiety destructive. Can we make test anxiety work for us The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance.
In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and knowledge. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test can reduce anxiety during the test.
You will be surprised how confident you will feel if you know the material. Studies of memory show if you want to be able to recall information from text or lecture you have to review that material several times. It is important to know your own abilities and operate accordingly. If you know that you learn best by listening, prepare a tape of significant material and listen to the tape.
Study partners or study groups are often useful for self-testing. Experience in stressful situations tends to lessen anxiety in those situations. One way to help yourself retrieve material is through the use of mnemonic codes. Learn a code that lets you remember complex material. Developing an outline for an essay question that you know will be on the test or memorizing a formula are forms of code development.
Students are often frustrated by the sheer volume of material that has to be studied in college. Many instructors conduct reviews, give hints, identify what is important to study, use handouts or overhead transparency outlines. These materials should be at the top of your study list. If the instructor took the time to identify them, you should assume that they will play an important part of the test. While knowledge acquired during test preparation can help reduce anxiety, it is another thing to take the test itself. Following are a few suggestions to help reduce anxiety during the test.
When I arrive at a test, I often find students flipping text pages at the last minute trying to cram it all in at the end. You would be better off trying to relax, meditating a little, and clearing your mind to allow yourself the ability to concentrate on the questions that are coming.
As soon as the instructor gives you the signal to start, dump out formulas, codes, outlines from your memory onto the test answer sheets so that you will not have to worry about whether you will remember the codes long enough until you get to the appropriate test question.
You can build your confidence if you go through the test and answer all of the questions that you know first. Go back and work on those questions that need greater analysis, or that need to be worked out or need to be guessed at and your anxiety will not kick in until later in the test.
For those of you whose anxiety increases as study and preparation increase, your goal should be to start concentrating on things that take your mind off the test, i. e. , television, books, hobbies, movies, etc. Meditation and aerobic exercise have proven to be very useful methods for reducing undesirable effects of stress.
The solution to reducing the destructive influences of stress is to plan to study. Map out a schedule of when you will study each day. Identify the specific topics that you will study each day. Identify the areas of the material that you have had problems with and study those. Your plan should include reading the text material, reviewing notes and homework assignments, identifying material that needs further explanation, developing codes for memory material and testing yourself. Once you have studied adequately, your confidence will be fairly high, your knowledge will be satisfactory to do well on the test and the stomach butterflies will help you focus on the task at hand.
I’d wish you good luck on finals, but you and I both know that the more effectively you study, the luckier you will get.

The author’s attitude toward reducing the test anxiety is ______.

A.negative

B.positive

C.neutral

D.pessimistic