问题 单项选择题 A型题

可逆转β-肾上腺素受体激动剂低敏现象的抗过敏药物是()

A.色甘酸钠

B.酮替芬

C.曲尼司特

D.氯苯那敏

E.苯海拉明

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

 本题考查抗过敏药物的相关知识。

色甘酸钠可抑制过敏反应的介质,预防过敏性严重哮喘的发作,明显改善主观症状,并增加病人对运动的耐受能力,用于过敏性支气管哮喘的预防,也可用于过敏性鼻炎及过敏性结膜炎,与β-肾上腺素受体作用无关,非本题正确选项。酮替芬为口服强效过敏介质阻释剂,不仅能抑制抗原诱发的人肺和支气管组织肥大细胞释放组胺和过敏的慢反应物质(SRS-A),还能抑制抗原、血清或钙离子介导剂诱发的人嗜碱性白细胞或中性白细胞释放组胺和过敏的慢反应物质,可作用于β-肾上腺素受体激酶而逆转β-肾上腺素受体激动剂的低敏现象。曲尼司特用于防治支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎等过敏性疾病。本品起效较缓慢,当哮喘在发作时,可联合使用支气管舒张剂或肾上腺皮质激素,服药1~4周。氯苯那敏竞争性阻断组胺H1受体的作用甚强,对中枢抑制作用较轻,抗胆碱作用用亦较弱,也与β-肾上腺素受体作用无关,非本题正确选项。苯海拉明能消除各种过敏症状,其中枢抑制作用显著,但不及盐酸异丙嗪;尚具有镇静、防晕动及止吐作用,也有抗胆碱作用,可缓解支气管平滑肌痉挛。因此本题答案为B。注:新版《应试指南》中无此知识点。

单项选择题 A1型题
填空题


What are the challenges facing multinationals that want to build their brands in China —I think the first thing is ignorance. There’s a huge (1) of the complexity in China, which is more complex than Europe. There are different rules of law, which (2) a significant factor. There are different (3) , Cantonese and Mandarin and lots of others in (4) , and dialects like Sichuan versions. You have problems of distribution. (5) Chinese brands have been (6) local because of the size of the market and the transportation system, What’s (7) built up there is a sort of a pride in localness.
How can companies build their brands in China —China is a place where (8) have to be very patient and you’ve got to build (9) time. You can’t go in (10) invest short-term and then pull out (11) then try to get back in (12) . It’s about being consistent, steady, building (13) reputation, building confidence and then rewards will (14) . It’s a consistent ability to anticipate need. It’s insightfulness that helps brands to (15) ahead.
How are local Chinese brands doing against the multinationals —China’s been built (16) local brands and there are a billion of them and they are (17) spending sums of money locally that really dominate the (18) . But the future is Chinese brands moving outside of (19) and marketing globally, because China’s got to move from a commodity economy to a (20) sophisticated economy, which fundamentally (21) brands. There isn’t a major economy in the world that (22) based upon producing great brands, because they provide far better margins and more sustainable (23) .
Has Asia produced any truly global brands —Japan has. Some of the major companies (24) do really very well with brands. In Korea, some of them (25) but some of them need to catch up in terms of understanding how to really build global brands.