第二节：下面是一篇关于培养孩子创造性思维的文章，文章中有5处（第81~85题）需要添加小标题，请从以下选项中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，选项中一项为多余选项。
A. The Definition of Creativity
B. The Value of Creative Thinking
C. The Disadvantage of School Education
D. The Importance of Giving Children Choices
E. Creativity not Being Something Born With
F. Effective Ways to Develop Students’ Creativity
The Case for Creativity — Encouraging Children to Think
Creativity is the key to a brighter future, say education and business experts. Here is how schools and parents can encourage this vital skill in children.
小题1:
If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925, we might not have a product that we now think of as practically essential: masking tape. Drew worked for the company, known as 3M. At work he developed a sticky-side substance strong enough to hold things together. But his boss told him not to pursue the idea. Finally, using his own time, Drew perfected the tape, which now is used everywhere by many people. And his former company learned from its mistake: Now 3M encourages people to spend 15 percent of their work time just thinking and developing new ideas. Experts say if we teach our children to think creatively, they will be better able to function in tomorrow’s society.
小题2:
Creativity is not a natural ability, nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence. Just because a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively. Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce original ideas that are good for something.
小题3:
Unfortunately, schools have not tended to promote creativity. With strong emphasis on test scores and the development of reading, writing and mathematical skills, many educators sacrifice creativity for correct answers. The result is that children can give back information but can’t recognize ways to apply it to new situations. They may know their multiplication tables, for example, but they are unable to apply them to story problems.
小题4:
In some schools, however, educators are recognizing the problem and are trying their best to encourage creativity in their students. Some teachers are combining the basics with activities where the students must use their imagination. For example, instead of simply asking WHEN Columbus discovered the New World, teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area. With that question, students would have to use what they know about Columbus, what they know about New York, and what they know about the Caribbean. Teachers feel that even if the answers seem silly, it’s OK, that sometimes being silly is an essential step toward creativity.
小题5:
From the earliest age, children should be allowed to make decisions and understand their consequences. Even if it’s choosing between two food items for lunch, decision-making helps thinking skills. As children grow older, parents should let their children decide how to use their time or spend their money but not automatically help them too much if they make the wrong decision. This may be confusing for the child, but that is all right. This is because one of the most important traits of creative people is a very strong motivation to make order out of confusion.
