问题 问答题

对材料1中的观点加以评析。(2)谈谈你对材料2中恩格斯关于“我们不要过分陶醉于我们对自然界的胜利”的理解。(3)根据材料2和材料3,说明实现人类社会与自然界协调发展的重要意义。

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)孟德斯鸠把民族差异和社会制度的不同归结为地理位置和气候状况等自然因素,不同于“上帝创世说”的唯心主义观点,有其值得肯定的积极意义。同时,这种观点是从外部自然因素来解释和说明社会发展的动因,这与历史唯物主义从社会内部的物质变迁分析和揭示社会发展的客观规律有着根本区别。因此,这种从社会发展的外部自然因素解释社会发展的观点最终必然导致非科学的“地理环境决定论”。 (2)恩格斯在科学把握人与自然辩证关系的基础上,提出人类不可过分地陶醉于对自然界的每一次胜利。因为自然界是一个有机的整体,人类对自然的每一次改造,从局部看是一次胜利;但是从整体和历史上看,由于忽视和没有认识到自然界整体的有机联系以及自然界内在的客观规律,人类都先后为自身改造自然的胜利付出了代价。在这里,恩格斯着重强调要尊重和认识自然规律,学会正确地理解和运用客观自然规律。(3)人类社会同自然环境有着不可分割的联系,人口、经济、社会、资源、环境必须协调发展。一方面,社会的发展离不开自然界。人类社会是自然界长期发展的产物,自然界既是人类活动改造的对象,又是人类赖以生存的环境。另一方面,要在正确认识和运用客观自然规律的基础上实现人与自然的协调发展。其现实意义在于:我国人口众多并不断增加,自然资源相对短缺,经济发展与环境保护的矛盾日益突出。因此,必须坚持实行人与自然的协调发展,才能确保可持续发展战略的贯彻实施,从而处理和解决好我国经济、社会当前的近期发展与未来长远关系。

完形填空
One of my. next-door neighbor is a sweet 92-year-old Polish lady. A few days ago, I came back from a trip. As I was  16 . my clothes in my room, I heard a(n)  17  , frantic(发疯的) knock on the door. It was 10:30 pm, and I wasn’t sure who it could be. I went downstairs and  18  the peephole, and saw that it was our sweet next-door neighbor.
I quickly  19  the door, and she seemed really distressed and kept  20 , Please help me. I need your help. The fire alarm won’t go off. Please help me.” I  21  told her that everything would be okay, and  22  her to her house to see what was going on  23  the fire alarm.
She  24  that the alarm had been going on and off inconsistently(反复无常的) for the past two hours, and that her  25  to call her daughter to come and fix it was fruitless. So I took a chair from her dining room table,  26  it, and looked at the tire alarm.
After twisting the fire alarm off, I blew into it, because sometimes  27  causes it to make strange noises. She seemed  28  but was literally shaking out of fear. I asked her  29  she was okay, and she said she was  30  , so I gave her a hug. I felt her shaking in my embrace, and held her  31  for a few minutes until she stopped shaking and sighed a breath of relief.
We then  32  and talked for ten minutes, until I felt that she was okay. and safe to sleep. She was so generous with  33  for being with her, but I thanked her for  34  me that hugs are indeed good tools! So, sometimes, a(n)  35  hug is a good and powerful way to hold someone going through a difficult period.
小题1:
A.collecting B.designingC.unpackingD.setting
小题2:
A.constant B.flexibleC.rhythmicD.impressive
小题3:
A.looked through B.made outC.cut offD.turned to
小题4:
A.closed B.movedC.lockedD.opened
小题5:
A.thinking B.repeatingC.complainingD.screaming
小题6:
A.frequently B.brieflyC.immediatelyD.roughly
小题7:
A.required B.accompaniedC.inspectedD.observed
小题8:
A.for B.toC.byD.with
小题9:
A.predicted B.warnedC.mentionedD.proved
小题10:
A.attempt B.suggestionC.responsibilityD.permission
小题11:
A.pressed B.revolvedC.crashedD.climbed
小题12:
A.powerB.dustC.paperD.switch
小题13:
A.determinedB.terrifiedC.relievedD.devoted
小题14:
A.whenB.howC.whyD.if
小题15:
A.afraidB.tiredC.sleepyD.pleased
小题16:
A.casuallyB.tightlyC.automaticallyD.abruptly
小题17:
A.broke downB.sped upC.sat downD.turned around
小题18:
A.suffering B.regret C.shame D.gratitude
小题19:
A.advising B.reminding C.encouraging D.advocating
小题20:
A.simple B.special C.official D.sudden
单项选择题