Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and co­workers may let us know that they value us.Our self­respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in free­time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.

小题1:Interpersonal relationships are important because they can________.

A．deal with life changes

B．smooth away daily problems

C．make people live more easily

D．cure types of illnesses小题2:The researches show that people’s physical and mental health________.

A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others

B．lies in the social medical care systems which support them

C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles

D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes.小题3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”？

A．takes place of　　　　

B．makes up of

C．lessens the effect of　

D．gets rid of小题4:Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of________.

A．instrumental support

B．informational support

C．social companionship

D．the strengthening of self­respect小题5:What is the subject discussed in the text?

A．Effects of stressful conditions.

B．Kinds of social support.

C．Ways to deal with stress.

D．Interpersonal relationships.

阅读《清秋书简》，回答问题。

　　倚灯夜读，有虫声从院角黄菊丛内传来，时停时续，忽高忽低，带点诗词里的平仄音律，不紧不慢地在秋夜里弹唱。“灯下草虫鸣”，想着这几个字，指尖慢慢滑过书页，伴着秋虫的浅吟读书，心里更觉温暖得很。

　　古人说，春听鸟声，夏听蝉声，秋听虫声，冬听雪声。我觉得，这四种声音里，春夏的鸟声蝉声过于激烈，浮躁张扬了些，冬天的雪声又过于清寂，单调孤寒了些。而端坐在秋虫声里，听虫们一唱三叹 的唧唧声，不紧不慢，清越激昂，犹如诗人们的雅集聚会，内心不由自主地抒情起来，或捧卷展读， 或邀友煎茶，才不负这诗意秋声。

　　“八月在宇，九月在户，十月蟋蟀入我床下”，《诗经》里描述了季节的转变。西风起，月冷霜寒，虫鸣断续，伴着捣衣的砧声，夜风中的箫声，思妇远望征人，虫语的低吟亦如她的心声：唧——唧唧——，分明是“盼——盼啊——”。她仰头观天，雁阵穿过暗夜的云朵长鸣而去；俯首看地，草丛里秋虫声声低语，天地间响彻它们的叫声。大雁知道南飞，蟋蟀知道归家，良人又在哪里？她的身影在秋灯里愈发孤凄。

　　这种意象定格在诗书里，便是一幅幽凄伤情的画卷，也是文学里的抒情美，让人回味有加，如叶圣陶所言，虫声会引起劳人的感叹，秋士的伤怀，独客的微喟，思妇的低泣，是无上的美的境界，而常人世界里的秋虫声，又是另一番自然诗篇。

　　幼时在乡下亲戚家，跟着婶婶到田野里守秋。我们爬上木柱搭成的高高的草棚，田野里的作物尽收眼底。花生、山芋、玉米等，黑黝黝的藤蔓伏在野地里，有新稻的清香从远处飘来。婶婶略有睡意，让我注意有无田鼠野獾的出没。我静静聆听，耳中灌满的却都是虫声，分不清哪是蟋蟀、蚂蚱、蝈蝈……有的若大提琴，有的若竖琴，有的若风笛，仿佛一场绝妙的交响曲，此起彼伏响个不停。当时头顶上有金黄的秋月，田野里有成熟的庄稼，草棚里有醒着的我，我们都是虫们肃穆的听众。那晚我为这秋之天籁所着迷，到黎明方才睡去。

　　我钟情秋天的虫声，它们谱在大自然的音符，更能令我内心充满宁静。我品味着刘墉的这句话：“秋虫声就是要这样聆听，在那细小的音韵中感触，即使到了极晚秋，只要以心灵触动，仍然可以感受到那微微的音响。”通常在这样的细小音韵中，一杯滚烫的热茶，一本心仪的书，窗前的灯影里，我在阅读，窗外的草丛里，秋虫们在吟唱。它们的话语和我心灵的声音汇合，那是无比美妙的体验。（选自《散文》2011年第2期，有删改）

1．文章第三自然段引用《诗经》中的诗句，在文中有何作用？请简要概括。

______________________________________________________________

2．文中画线句子使用了什么修辞方法？请简要分析其表达效果。

分不清哪是蟋蟀、蚂蚱、蝈蝈……有的若大提琴，有的若竖琴，有的若风笛，仿佛一场绝妙的交响曲，此起彼伏响个不停。

______________________________________________________________

3．秋虫的鸣叫是“谱在大自然里的音符”，作者认为应该怎样去聆听？

______________________________________________________________

4．文章是从哪些角度表现“秋虫之声”充满诗意的？请结合全文简要分析。

______________________________________________________________