问题 选择题

高一某班同学自编自导了一部历史短剧,剧中我国古代的一些著名帝王穿越历史隧道谈论起自己的丰功伟绩。其中的台词有与史实不符的地方,它是

A.秦始皇:“我首创了一套沿用2000多年的政治制度,功高盖世!”

B.唐太宗:“我用三省分割相权,相互监督,确保了我的独尊地位。”

C.明太祖:“我设立内阁,感到大权在握的踏实。”

D.雍正帝:“我设置了军机处,军政大权完全集中到了我的手中。”

答案

答案:C

题目分析:A符合史实,秦始皇创立专制主义中央集权制度,为后世沿用;B符合史实,唐太宗发展三省六部制,分散相权以强化皇权;D符合史实,清朝雍正时期设立军机处,君主专制达到顶峰;C不符合史实,明太祖废丞相,设殿阁大学士以备顾问,明成祖时期设立内阁。

点评:本题的关键在于理解不同时期专制主义中央集权制度的演变。

1、萌芽(战国):韩非子法家思想为中央集权政治制度的形成奠定了理论基础,商鞅建立县制。

2、确立(秦朝):秦统一后,封建君主专制主义中央集权的政治制度建立。政治上,确立皇权的至高无上的皇帝,中央设三公九卿,地方推行郡县制,颁布秦律;在文化上,书同文,焚书坑儒,加强思想控制,又规定以法为教,以吏为师。经济上,实行土地私有制,按亩纲纳税;统一度量衡;统一货币;统一车轨修驰道。

3、巩固(西汉):①汉武帝颁布“推恩令”,推行“附益之法”,解决王国问题。②“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”加强思想专制。

4、完善(隋唐):①三省六部制,(隋文帝时创立,唐太宗时完善)三省长官相当于宰相,相互牵制和制约,避免宰相的专权,又一定程度上牵制君主专制,是专制主义中央集权制度的进一步完善。②科举制,(隋文帝采用分科考试的方式选拔官吏,隋炀帝时建立进士科,科举制形成,唐太宗时增加考试科目,武则天时首创武举和殿试,唐玄宗提高科举考试的地位,使门第不高的有才能的人参加到 * * 中来,扩大了统治阶级的基础。

5、加强(北宋):集中军权,设枢密院、行更戍法;集中行 * * ,分割宰相权,派文官担任地主高官,并设通判与之相牵制。集中财 * * 和司法权,设转运使,集中财权;由中央派文官任地方司法官吏,集中司法权。发展科举制(严格程序;完善方法;增加名额)

6、发展(元朝):在中央设中书省,是全国最高行政机构。在地方设“行省”,实行行省制度(除河北、山西、山东由中书省直接管理外),其他地方设置行省,密院为中央最高军事管理机关。御史台为最高监察机关;宣政院,统管宗教事务和管理西藏地区。

7、强化衰落(明清):

(1)明朝,在中央废丞相,权分六部;设五军都督府与兵部相互制约。在地方废行省,设三司,进一步削弱地方势力,还设厂卫特务机构,实行八股取士,这是专制主义强化的突出表现。

(2)清朝,议政王大臣会议(由满族贵族组成,权力凌驾于内阁、六部之上,皇权受到限制。雍正时,名存实亡;乾隆时,撤销。);增设军机处(雍正时设立,由皇帝挑选亲信的满汉官员充任。职责:跪受笔录,传达皇帝旨意。影响:标志封建君主专制主义中央集权制度发展到顶峰。);大兴文字狱(目的:压制汉人的民族反抗意识,树立清朝统治的权威,加强中央专制。评价:禁锢了思想,摧残人才,严重阻碍了中国社会的发展和进步),使君权空前加强,形成极端的君主专制统治,专制主义中央集权制达到顶峰。

单项选择题
阅读理解

I still remember the last time when two of my children and I went to the playground. It had rained during the night and the playground was very muddy (泥泞的). They had just put on clean clothes, so I was a little worried about the pools of water on the playground. It was not long before Kathy got her beautiful skirt dirty on the playground. She dug through the rocks. I was about to blame her for getting her clothes dirty when she ran towards me with a smile on her face. When she got to me, she handed me a little heart-shaped rock and said, “Here Mom! Here is a heart for you-just because I love you! Keep it!” with tears in my eyes, I thanked her.

Should I blame her for getting her clothes muddy? No way! I still have that little heart-shaped rock. It is one of the best gifts that I have ever received. I realize that many times it is not necessary for us adults to worry about the small things our children do. Let them do what they’d like to.

I will spend a lot more time on the playground with my children. I’m sure I will learn a lot from the children. It reminds me of some years ago when my grandfather told me, “You would not enter the kingdom (王国) of happiness until you pretended (假装) to be a small child.”

小题1:The writer was deeply moved by her daughter’s ____________.

A.digging task on the playground

B.love of the muddy playground

C.special way to show her love

D.smile on her face when running小题2:From Paragraph 2, we can learn that the writer thought parents should _________.

A.allow kids to do whatever they like

B.keep the presents given by children

C.not give too much care to their own children

D.not worry about the small things their children do小题3:In the last paragraph, Grandpa’s words imply (暗示) that _____________.

A.children may find happiness easily in life

B.children care more about happiness than adults do

C.adults cannot share children’s happiness

D.adults should pretend to be a child