问题 问答题

阅读下列材料。

材料1


所谓民国政府,已为军阀所控制,军阀即利用之结欢于列强,以求自固。而列强亦即利用之,资以大借款,充其军费,使中国内乱纠缠不已,以攫取利权,各占势力范围。国民党之民族主义,……民族解放之斗争,……其目标皆不外反帝国主义而已。国民党之民权主义,……凡真正反对帝国主义之个人及团体均得享有一切自由及权利。国民党之民生主义,……农民之缺乏土地沦为佃户者,国家当给以土地,资其耕作……
凡本国人及外国人之企业或有独占的实质,或规模过大,为私人之力所不能办者,如银行、铁路、航路之属,由国家经营管理之,使私有资本制度不能操纵国民之生计。
                ——孙中山《中国国民党第一次全国代表大会宣言》

材料2


……现在的中国,在日本占领区,是殖民地社会;在国民党统治区,基本上也还是一个半殖民地社会;而不论在日本占领区和国民党统治区,都是封建半封建制度占优势的社会。这就是现时中国社会的性质,这就是现时中国的国情。……而我们要建立起来的,则是与此相反的东西,乃是中 * * 的新政治、新经济和新文化。……中国革命的历史进程,必须分为两步,其第一步是民主主义的革命,其第二步是社会主义的革命,这是性质不同的两个革命过程。而所谓民主主义,现在已不是旧范畴的民主主义,已不是旧民主主义,而是新范畴的民主主义,……这就是现时中国革命的历史特点。
                         ——《毛 * * 选集》第一卷

材料3


对这个问题,我们党已经有了明确的回答:我国正处在社会主义的初级阶段。这个论断,包括两层含义。第一,我国社会已经是社会主义社会。我们必须坚持而不能离开社会主义。第二,我国的社会主义社会还处在初级阶段。我们必须从这个实际出发,而不能超越这个阶段。
……在社会主义初级阶段,我们党的建设有中国特色的社会主义的基本路线是:领导和团结全国各族人民,以经济建设为中心,坚持四项基本原则,坚持改革开放,自力更生,艰苦创业,,为把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗。
                            ——中共十三大报告
结合材料回答问题:

根据材料1、2,指出中国社会的基本特征;并据材料概括孙中山、毛 * * 所创立的革命理论及其主要内容。

答案

参考答案:特征:中同是半殖民地半封建社会(或军阀独裁专制、列强加紧侵华)。
理论:孙中山创立新三民主义;毛 * * 创立新民主主义论。
主要内容:新三民主义明确提出反帝反封建的内容(或明确提出反帝,节制资本,耕者有其田);新民主主义论:中国革命进程分民主主义革命和社会主义革命两步走。

多项选择题
问答题

(46) History tells us that in ancient Babylon, the cradle of our civilization, the people tried to build a tower that would reach to heaven. But the tower became the tower of Babel, according to the Old Testament, when the people were suddenly caused to speak different languages. In modern New York City, a new tower, that of the United Nations Building, thrusts its shining mass skyward. (47) But the realization of the UN’s aspirations—and with it the hopes of the peoples of the world—is threatened by our contemporary Babel: about three thousand different languages are spoken throughout the world today, without counting the various dialects that confound communication between peoples of the same land.

In China, for example, hundreds of different dialects are spoken; people of some villages have trouble passing the time of day with the inhabitants of the next town. In the new African state of Ghana, five million people speak fifty different dialects. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, of which only fourteen are recognized as official. To add to the confusion, as the old established empires are broken up and new states are formed, new official tongues spring up at an increasing rate.

In a world made smaller by jet travel, man is still isolated from many of his neighbors by the Babel barrier of multiplying languages. Communication is blocked daily in scores of ways. Travelers find it difficult to know the peoples of other nations. Scientists are often unable to read and benefit from the work being carried on by men of science in other countries. (48) The aims of international trade, of world accord, of meetings between nations, are blocked at every turn; the work of scholars, technologists, and humanists is handicapped. Even in the shining new tower of the United Nations in New York, speeches and discussions have to be translated and printed in the five official UN language—English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Confusion, delay, suspicion, and hard feelings are the products of the diplomatic Babel.

The chances for world unity are lessened if, in the literal sense of the phrase, we do not speak the same language. (49) We stand in dire need of a common tongue, a language that would cross national barriers, one simple enough to be universally learned by travelers, businessmen, government representatives, scholars, and even by children at school.

Of course, this isn’t a new idea. Just as everyone is against sin, so everyone is for a common language that would further communication between nations. (50) What with one thing and another—our natural state of drift as human beings, our rivalries, resentments, and jealousies as nations—we have up until now failed to take any action. I propose that we stop just talking about it, as Mark Twain said of the weather, and do something about it. We must make the concerted, massive effort it takes to reach agreement on the adoption of a single, common auxiliary tongue.

(48) The aims of international trade, of world accord, of meetings between nations, are blocked at every turn; the work of scholars, technologists, and humanists is handicapped