问题 单项选择题

To understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky. Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth. Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere. As the earth, spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth’s axis of rotation. This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth. Thus the stars were called fixed stars.

The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had an independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars. The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.

The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky. The moon, however, changes its position relatively rapidly. Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so. The moon’s path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth’s path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky. There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere. These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn. All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic. Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions’ on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.

The ancient people believed that()

A. the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky

B.the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth

C. the patterns of stars on the sky would never change

D. the stars around the sky were not stationary

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

根据第一段最后两句话,我们可以看出古人认为是地球的转动带动了群星的转动,而事实上群星在天空中是恒定的。于是,正确答案应为C。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成文后各题。

独乐园记

司马光

孟子曰:“独乐乐,不如与人乐乐;与少乐乐,不若与众乐乐。”此王公大人之乐,非贫贱所及也。孔子曰:“饭蔬食饮水,曲肱而枕之,乐在其中矣。”颜子“一箪食,一瓢饮”,“不改其乐”。此圣贤之乐,菲愚者所及也。若夫鹪鹩巢林,不过一枝;鼹鼠饮河,不过满腹。各尽其分而安之,此乃迂叟之所乐也。

熙宁四年迂叟始家洛,六年买田二十亩于尊贤坊北关,以为园。其中为堂,聚书出五千卷,命之曰“读书堂”。堂南有屋一区,引水北流,贯宇下。中央为沼,方深各三尺。疏水为五派,注沼中,若虎爪。自沼北伏流出北阶,悬注庭中,若象鼻。自是分而为二渠,绕庭四隅,会于西北而出,命之曰“秀水轩”。堂北为沼,中央有岛,岛上植竹。圆若玉玦,围三丈,揽结其杪,如渔人之庐,命之曰“钓鱼庵”。沼北横屋六楹,厚其牖茨,以御烈日。开户东出,南北列轩牖,以延凉飕。前后多植美竹,为消暑之所,会之曰“种竹斋”。

沼东治地为百有二十畦,杂莳草药,辨其名物而揭之。畦北植竹,方若棋局。径一丈,曲其杪,交相掩以为屋。植竹于其前,夹道如步廊,皆以蔓药覆之。四周植木药为藩援,命之曰:“采药圃”。圃南为六栏,芍药、牡丹、杂花各居其二。每种止植二本,识其名状而已,不求多也。栏北为亭,命之曰:“浇花亭”。洛城距山不远,而林薄茂密,常若不得见。乃于园中筑台,构屋其上,以望万安、轩辕,至于太室。命之曰:“见山台”。

迂叟平日多处堂中读书,上师圣人,下友群贤,窥仁义之原,探礼乐之绪。自未始有形之前,暨四达无穷之外,事物之理,举集目前。所病者,学之未至,夫又何求于人,何待于外哉!志倦体疲,则投竿取鱼,执衽采药,决渠灌花,操斧剖竹,濯热盥手,临高纵目,逍遥相羊,唯意所适。明月时至,清风自来,行无所牵,止无所柅,耳目肺肠,悉为己有,踽踽焉、洋洋焉,不知天壤之间复有何乐可以代此也。因合而命之曰:“独乐园”。

或咎迂叟曰:“吾闻君子之乐必与人共之,今吾子独取于己,不以及人,其可乎?”迂叟谢曰:“叟愚,何得比君子?自乐恐不足,安能及人?况叟所乐者,薄陋鄙野,皆世之所弃也,虽推以与人,人且不取,岂得强之乎?必也有人肯同此乐,则再拜而献之矣,安敢专之哉!”

注:神宗熙宁年间,王安石推行新法。司马光反对新法,被贬为西京(洛阳)御史台,熙宁六年(1073),购地二十亩,筑园。

小题1:对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是

A.以延凉飕延:迎取。

B.辨其名物而揭之揭:为……做标志。

C.事物之理,举集目前举:借取。

D.虽推以与人推:推让。小题2:下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是

A.皆以蔓药覆之以相如功大,立为上卿

B.学之未至,夫又何求于人不及今令有功于国

C.志倦体疲,则投竿取鱼于其身也,则耻师焉

D.踽踽焉、洋洋焉以予故,咸以愚辱焉小题3:下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是

A.文章开头引用孟子、孔子的语句,意在说明“王公大人之乐”“圣贤之乐”是高尚的,而作者自己的“独乐”是迂腐庸俗的。

B.本文记述了独乐园的布局,既有方位介绍,又有形状描摹,并依据区域的景观特点或功能命名,突出了“独乐园”命名之寓意。

C.作者在此小园中悠闲自得,生活内容丰富,时而在“读书堂”思考事理,时而在庭院中钓鱼灌花、登高望远,其乐胜于园外之乐。

D.作者以问答形式说明自己并非不想推了于人,而是别人不肯同此乐,所以才独享其乐,这就委婉地表达了抑郁不得志的情怀。小题4:把第三题文言文阅读材料中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)迂叟平日多处堂中读书,。上师圣人,下友群贤,窥仁义之原,探礼乐之绪。

(2)必也有人肯同此乐,则再拜而献之矣,安敢专之哉!

判断题