问题 问答题

阅读下列材料并回答问题。
材料1
1960年春天,王进喜率领1205钻井队来到大庆,呈现在王进喜面前的是许多难以想象的困难:没有公路,车辆不足,吃和住都成问题。但王进喜和他的同事下定决心:有天大的困难也要高速度、高水平地拿下大庆油田。在困难面前,王进喜带领全队靠人拉肩扛,把钻井设备运到工地,以“宁可少活二十年,拼命也要拿下大油田”的顽强意志和冲天干劲,苦干5天5夜,打出了大庆第一口喷油井。在随后的10个月里,王进喜率领1205钻井队和1202钻井队,在极端困苦的情况下,克服重重困难,双双达到了年进尺10万米的奇迹。
在那些日子里,王进喜身患重病也顾不得到医院去看;钻井砸伤了脚,他拄着双拐指挥;油井发生井喷,他奋不顾身跳进泥浆池,用身体搅拌重晶石粉,被人们誉为“铁人”。
在大庆油田工作的10年中,王进喜为我国石油事业立下了汗马功劳,曾获“全国劳动模范”等光荣称号。王进喜身上体现出来的“铁人精神”,是一种忘我的 * * 主义精神,这种精神激励了一代代的石油工人。
             ——新华社1990年8月27日电
材料2
革命的理想, * * 主义的品德,要从小开始培养。我们党的教育事业历来有这样的优良传统。革命战争年代,儿童团员、共青团员创造了可歌可泣的英雄业绩。全国解放以后,我们的教育工作,我们的青年团、少先队的工作,发扬光大了过去的优良传统。在很长的一段时间里,广大青少年好好学习,天天向上,爱祖国,爱人民,爱劳动,爱科学,爱护公共财物,英勇机智地同敌人、坏分子作斗争,树立了一代新风。
                                      ——邓 * * :《在全国教育工作会议上的讲话》(1978年4月22日),
                                      《邓 * * 文选》第2卷,第105—106页
请回答:
1.材料1、2体现了马克思主义哲学的什么原理

答案

参考答案:因为革命理想、 * * 主义品德对社会主义社会经济结构以及政治结构具有能动的反作用。这种反作用在于它把无产阶级的利益要求内化为人的思想、革命理想、 * * 主义品德感情、意志,以支配人们的行动,从而影响社会主义社会的经济结构和政治结构。而革命理想、 * * 主义品德的能动作用集中体现在维护社会主义社会、调控社会主义社会和人民的活动这两大功能上,其基本内涵包括:革命理想、 * * 主义道德维护同自身性质相同的社会主义制度;确定社会主义现实活动的目的和方式,对这些活动做可行性分析,规划活动程序;对活动加以必要的调节,部分调整甚至完全停止不适当或不可行的计划,或全力以赴完成原计划。

填空题
单项选择题

There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modem descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modem inferentical statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.

Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum or the data may represent qualitative variable, such as sex, college major, or personality type.

Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.

Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.

Which of the following is true of descriptive statistics()

A. It leads to increased variability

B. It solves all numerical problems

C. It simplifies unwieldy masses of data

D. It changes qualitative variables to quantitative variables