问题 问答题

运用凯恩斯的货币需求理论分析导致流动性陷阱的原因及其对货币政策的影响。

答案

参考答案:凯恩斯认为,对货币的需求又称流动性偏好,由于货币具有使用上的灵活性,人们宁肯牺牲利息收入而储存不生息的货币来保持财富的心理倾向就是流动性偏好。正是因为货币具有这种使用上的灵活性,人们对货币的需求具有以下三种不同的动机:
(1)交易动机,人们需要货币是为了进行正常的交易活动。
(2)谨慎动机或预防性动机,为预防意外支出而持有一部分货币的动机。
(3)投机动机,人们为了抓住有利的购买有价证券的机会而持有一部分货币的动机。
交易动机和预防性动机所产生的对货币的需求主要决定于收入,即L1=kY。
凯恩斯认为,货币的投机需求与利率呈反向变动的关系,即L2=-hr。
流动性陷阱是指人们不管有多少货币都愿意持在手中。原因是当利率极低时,人们会认为这时利率不大可能再下降,或者说有价证券市场价格不大可能再上升而只会跌落,因而人们会将所持有的有价证券全部换成货币。人们有了货币也不肯去购买有价证券,以免证券价格下跌时遭受损失。
利率极低时,人们对货币的需求趋于无穷大,货币需求曲线处于水平状态,当货币供给增加,利率也不会下降,这时,货币政策无效。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解
Step to Discovering Your Passion
By Julie Jordan Scott
Even before the first tip, you simply must get out a notebook, journal, piece of paper, napkin … SOMETHING to write on to save your discoveries! These tips will only help if you pursue them, so please either take a moment to find writing tools NOW or print this out and promise yourself to complete this exercise later. It may take you some thinking time to get it done . . . and now . . . here are your tips . . . . .
1. Find Your Joy Factor
Look at the whole of your life history. When did you experience the most sustained period of Joy? What were you doing then? Where were you? Who were you with? How did it feel?
2. What Are Your 3 Most Favorite things to do?
If you had a free day with NO commitments, where would you be found? What would you be doing with whom?
3. In what area do you excel? (NO MODESTY ALLOWED HERE!)
Truly, what are you complimented on a lot? This could be ANYTHING.
4. What do you most want to be remembered for?
If you were designing your epitaph(墓者铭), what would you want it to say? (NOT what your Mom wants, or your SPOUSE(配偶的一方) wants or your third cousin twice removed, but what do YOU want your headstone to say?)
5. If you had a magic wand(魔杖), what would you change about your life TODAY?
How would it look compared to how it looks now? which aspects of your life ARE changeable, both short term and long term?
6. How does your Joy factor overlap with your favorite things and the areas in which you excel? Do the areas in which you excel bring YOU joy, or are they really for someone else . . . . . do you see which are obvious matches, and which do not fit? Those that overlap, that bring YOU the most Joy, are most likely the things that would bring you into Passionate Living.
7. What is the first even teeny tiny step you can take to living out your Passion as you have defined in #6?
Take some time to really think this one through . . . . . . concentrate and focus, and then you will be able to start the the next step . . . BUILDING YOUR ROAD MAP.
小题1:The purpose of the first paragraph is        .
A.to arouse the readers’ interest and show them what to do
B.to find the piece of paper that is useful for the tipsC.to print the tips out and show them to others
D.to copy the tips and read them
小题2:The underlined word “commitment” has the closest meaning to          .
A.timeB.exerciseC.workD.joy
小题3: The underlined word “compliment” means        .
A.scold B.praiseC.criticizeD.question
小题4:Of the following,           would probably give the correct evaluation of you.
A.You MomB.Your spouseC.Your childrenD.You yourself
小题5:       are most likely to bring into passionate living.
A.Your favorite thingsB.The areas in which you excel
C.Your joy factorD.The things that overlap