问题 单项选择题

If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today’s scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.

A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today’s leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.

The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief, "Mr. Horgan says.

The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s—the genetic code, plate tectonics, and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang—genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.

Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today’s That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. "Look, don’t get me wrong," says Mr Horgan. "There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress.\

The term "the Big Bang" probably refers to()

A. the genetic code theory

B. a geological theory

C. a theory of the origin of the universe

D. the origin and the power of atomic energy

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

“有关宇宙起源的理论”。用“Big Bang”来解释宇宙起源的理论。然而对C项的选择,原文对此表示并不明朗。

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成1~5题。  

  蒋瑶,字粹卿,归安人。弘治十二年进士。授行人。正德时,历两京御史。陈时弊七事,中言:“内府军器局军匠六千,中官监督者二人,今增至六十余人,人占军匠三十。他局称是,行伍安得不耗。”并言:“传奉官及滥收校尉勇士并宜厘革。刘瑾虽诛,权犹在宦竖。”有旨诘问,且言“自今如瑶议者,毋复奏”。

  寻出为荆州知府。筑黄潭堤。调扬州。武宗南巡至扬,瑶供御取具而已,无所赠遗。诸嬖幸皆怒。江彬欲夺富民居为威武副 * * 府,瑶执不可。彬闭瑶空舍挫辱之,胁以帝所赐铜瓜,不为慑。会帝渔获一巨鱼,戏言直五百金,彬即畀瑶责其直。瑶怀其妻簪珥、袿服以进,曰:“库无钱,臣所有惟此。”帝笑而遣之。府故有琼花观,诏取琼花。瑶言自宋徽、钦北狩,此花已绝,今无以献。又传旨征异物,瑶具对非扬产。帝曰:“苎白布,亦非扬产耶?”瑶不得已,为献五百疋。当是时,权幸以扬繁华,要求无所不至。微瑶,民且重困。驾旋,瑶扈至宝应。中官邱得用铁縆系瑶,数日始释,竟扈至临清而返。扬人见瑶,无不感泣。迨迁陕西参政,争出资建祠祀之,名自此大震。

  嘉靖初,历湖广、江西左、右布政使,以右副都御史巡抚河南。帝命桂萼等核巡抚官去留,令瑶归候调。已,累迁工部尚书。四郊工竣,加太子少保。西苑宫殿成,帝置宴。见瑶与王时中席在外,命移殿内,而移皇亲于殿右以让瑶,曰:“亲亲不如尊贤。”其重瑶如此。

  时土木繁兴,岁费数百万计。瑶规画咸称帝意,数有赉予 。以忧去。久之,自南京工部尚书,召改北部。帝幸承天,瑶扈从。京师营建,率役京军,多为豪家占匿。至是大工频仍,岁募民充役,费二百余万。瑶以为言,因请停不急者。豪家所匿军毕出,募直大减。以老致仕去。

  瑶端亮清介。既归,僻处陋巷。与尚书刘麟、顾应祥辈结文酒社,徜徉岘山间。卒年八十九。赠太子太保,谥恭靖。 (节选自《明史·蒋瑶列传》)

  【注】①“疋”pǐ同“匹”。②縆gēng。

1. 对下列句子中加粗词的解释,不正确的一项是(     )

A. 瑶不可——执:坚持

B. 瑶,民且重困——微:认为……卑贱

C. 扈至临清而返——竟:竟然

D. 迁陕西参政——迨:等到

2. 下列各组句子中,加粗词的意义和用法相同的一组是(     )

A. 言“自今如瑶议者,毋复奏”——臣死不避,卮酒安足辞

B. 久,自南京工部尚书,召改北部——顷未发,太子迟之

C. 请停不急者——宾客至蔺相如门谢罪

D. 老致仕去——是时大中丞抚吴者为魏之私人

3. 以下六句话分别编为四组,全部直接表现蒋瑶全心为民的一组是(     )

①刘瑾虽诛,权犹在宦竖

②瑶怀其妻簪珥、袿服以进,曰:“库无钱,臣所有惟此。”

③此花已绝,今无以献

④又传旨征异物,瑶具对非扬产

⑤扬人见瑶,无不感泣

⑥既归,僻处陋巷

A. ①②⑥  

B. ①③⑤  

C. ②③④  

D. ④⑤⑥

4. 下列对原文内容的理解和分析,不正确的一项是(     )

A. 正德年间,蒋瑶力陈时政弊端,他认为在内府各局担任监督的宦官人数增加太多,这样会导致军队耗费太大,以致损耗国力。

B. 武宗南巡至扬州,随行的权幸因扬州繁华富庶,向蒋瑶大肆索要财物,蒋瑶对此暗中抵制,后被权幸用铁绳捆绑数日才被释放,扬州人对此无不感慨落泪。

C. 皇帝对蒋瑶非常器重,在宴会上,他下令将蒋瑶的席位移至殿内,然后把皇亲移到殿右来为蒋瑶让出席位,并且强调尊重贤才比亲近亲人更重要。

D. 嘉靖年间,朝廷工程繁多,耗费巨大,蒋瑶严格遵循皇帝的意图进行规划设计,对此皇帝非常高兴,并多次对他进行赏赐。

5. 把下面的文言句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)会帝渔获一巨鱼,戏言直五百金,彬即畀瑶责其直。

________________________________________________________

(2)京师营建,率役京军,多为豪家占匿。

________________________________________________________

问答题 案例分析题

某钢厂炼钢技改项目内容包括钢结构、工艺设备、工业管道、电气安装等,为节能减排,新增氧气制取、煤气回收和余热发电配套设施。炼钢车间起重机梁轨顶标高27.8m,为多跨单层全钢结构(塔楼部分多层)。炼钢工艺采用顶底复合吹炼,转炉吹氧由球罐氧气干管(D426×9,P=2.5MP)经加料跨屋面输送至氧枪阀门室。

该项目由具有承包资质的A公司施工总承包。在分包单位通过资格预审后,经业主同意,A公司将氧气站、,煤气站和余热发电站机电安装工程分包给具有相应专业资格和技术资格的安装单位。

A公司项目部进场后,根据图纸、合同、施工组织设计大纲、装备技术水平集现场施工条件进行施工组织总设计编制,塔楼钢结构和工艺设备采用3000吨.m塔吊主吊方案经过批准通过。项目实施过程中,项目部在安全和质量管理方面采取措施如下:

措施1:针对工程特点,塔楼施工现场存在危险源较多,项目部仅对临时用电触电危险、构件加工机械伤害危险、交叉作业物体打击危险以及压力试验、冲洗、试运转等危险源进行辨识和评价,经公司审定,补充完善后,制定了相应安全措施和应急预案,健全现场安全管理体系。

措施2:针对氧气管道管口错边量超标,内壁存在有只、锈蚀、铁屑等原因易引起燃烧爆炸事故,项目部编制施工方案时,制订了包括材料检验、管道试验等关键工序为内容的施工工艺流程,经批准后严格执行,

措施3:氧气站球罐的球壳板和零部件进场后,A公司项目部及时组织检查和验收,确保分包单位按计划现场组焊。

A公司审查分包单位专业资格包括哪些内容?氧气站分包单位必须取得哪几种技术资格。