问题 选择题

如图所示电路中,设电源两端电压不变,灯L的电阻不随温度变化.闭合开关S,在变阻器的滑片P移动的过程中,电流表A的最小示数为0.2A,电压表V的最大示数为3V,电压表V1的最大示数与最小示数之比为3:2.则下列说法正确的是(  )

A.电源电压为6V

B.电路的最大电功率为2.7W

C.灯L的阻值为15Ω

D.滑动变阻器最大阻值为40Ω

答案

经分析,电灯L与滑动变阻器串联,电流表测电流,电压表V测滑动变阻器两端的电压,电压表V1测小灯泡L两端的电压.

(1)当滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值最大时,电路中的电流最小,I=0.2A;此时电压表V的最大,U2=3V,电压表V1的示数最小为U1

∴滑动变阻器最大阻值R2=

U2
I
=
3V
0.2A
=15Ω,

灯泡L两端电压U1=IRL

电源电压U=I(R2+RL)=0.2A×(15Ω+RL)=3V+0.2RL

(2)当滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值为零时,电路中的电流最大为I′,此时灯泡L两端的电压U1′最大等于电源电压,

则U1′=I′RL

①根据“电压表V1的最大示数与最小示数之比为3:2;

U1
U1
=
I′RL
IRL
=
I′
I
=
3
2
,I′=
3
2
I=
3
2
×0.2A=0.3A

∴电源电压U=I′RL=0.3RL

②电源两端电压不变,灯L的电阻不随温度变化,

∴3V+0.2RL=0.3RL

解得灯泡电阻RL=30Ω,电源电压U=9V

③电路的最大电功率为P=UI′=9V×0.3A=2.7W

故选B.

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

      Modern life is impossible without traveling. The fastest way to travel is by air. With a modern

plane you can travel in one day to places which took a month or more one hundred years ago.

     Traveling by train is slower than by air, but it has its advantages. You can see the country you

are traveling in. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining cars. They make even the longest

journey enjoyable.

     Some people prefer to travel by sea when it is possible. There are large liners and river boats

with which you can visit many other countries and different places. Traveling by sea is a very pleasant

way to spend a holiday.

     Many people like to travel by car. You can make your own timetable. You can travel three or four

hundred miles or only fifty miles a day, just as you like .You can stop wherever you wish: where there

is something interesting to see, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or a hotel to

spend the night. That is why traveling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually take

a train or a plane when they are traveling on business.

1. From the passage we know that the fastest way to travel is ______

A. by car    

B. by train    

C. by plane      

D. by boat

2. If we travel by car, we can____________     .

A. only stop at the destination              

B. make our own timetable

C. travel to a very far place in several minutes  

D. travel one thousand miles a day.

3. The best title of this passage is___________________  .

A. ways to travel        

B. travels    

C. transportation      

D. modern life

4. How many ways to travel are mentioned in the passage?

A. Five    

B. Six      

C. Three        

D. Four