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下面是一组我国发展社会主义市场经济和建立社会主义市场体制的材料1992年党的十四大明确提出,我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制。1993年党的十四届三中全会做出了《中 * * 关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》,全面系统地阐明了建立社会主义市场经济体制的基本框架和战略部署。1997年党的十五大进一步确认,“建设有中国特色社会主义经济,就是在社会主义条件下发展市场经济,不断解放和发展生产力。”2002年党的十六大把完善社会主义市场经济体制作为本世纪头二十年经济建设和改革的主要任务之一。2003年党的十六届三中全会做出了《中 * * 关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》,指出建成完善的社会主义市场经济体制,是我们党在新世纪新阶段做出的具体重大现实意义和深远历史意义的决策。请结合材料,联系我国发展社会主义市场经济和建立健全社会主义市场经济体制的实践,回答我国社会主义市场体制的基本框架和建立健全社会主义市场经济体制的意义。

答案

参考答案:(1)我国社会主义市场经济体制的基本框架是:①坚持公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展,进一步转换国有企业经营机制,建立产权清晰、责权明确、政企分开、管理科学的现代企业制度;②建立全国统一开放的市场体系,实现城乡市场紧密结合、国内市场与国际市场相互衔接,促进资源的优化配置;③转变政府管理经济的职能,建立以间接手段为主的完善的宏观调控体系,保证国民经济的健康运行;④建立以按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存的收入分配制度,效率优先,兼顾公平,鼓励一部分地区一部分人通过合法经营和诚实劳动先富起来,走共同富裕的道路;⑤建立多层次的社会保障制度,为城乡居民提供同我国国情相适应的社会保障,促进经济发展和社会稳定。(2)党的十四大确立社会主义市场经济体制改革目标以来,我国经济体制改革在理论和实践上取得了重大进展。实践证明:建立健全社会主义市场经济体制是发展社会主义经济的需要。建立健全完善的社会主义市场经济体制,是全面建设小康社会,加快推进社会主义现代化的强有力的体制保障。党的十六届三中全会强调指出:为适应经济全球化和科技进步加快的国际环境,适应全面建设小康社会的新形势,必须按照十六大提出的建成完善的社会主义市场经济体制和更具活力、更加开放的经济体系的战略部署,加快推进改革,进一步解放和发展生产力,为经济发展和社会全面进步注入强大动力。

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     Nuclear radiation from power plant leaks and bomb tests resulted in millions of fewer baby girls born

worldwide, according to a new study.

     Scientists noted these types of atmospheric blasts rather than ontheground incidents like Chernobyl

(切尔诺贝利), effected birth gender across the globe.

    Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum M?nchen, Germany, analysed population data from 1975 to 2007 for

the U. S. and 39 European countries.

     There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1964 to

1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.

Scientists are putting the first spike down to the atomic bomb tests of the 1960s and 1970s where

radioactive atoms were blasted into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed

them around the world.

     They think the second spike is due to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in which the reactor exploded in

the Ukraine(乌克兰).

    The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U. S., probably because it was

too far from the disaster to have an effect.

    "The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect, " said study coauthor Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician(生物统计学家) at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich.

     More males were born relative to females in Belarus-the Ukraine's neighbour-than in France.

     The study is based largely on Cold Warera statistics, but the findings are highly relevant for how gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters.

     And in the wake of Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting

another baby boy boom could come, especially on the U. S. West Coast.

     Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome(染色体) in sperm, Dr Scherb said.

     A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl.

1. How many nuclear radiation accidents are mentioned in the passage?

A. 1.    

B. 2.    

C. 3.    

D. 4.

2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The ontheground incidents like Chernobyl, effected birth gender across the globe.

B. There was an increase in the number of baby boys in many eastern European countries

     for several years after 1986.

C. The Japan's nuclear accident will not effect the birth gender of the U. S. because of the long distance.

D. Where radioactive material has spread, women can't give birth to children

3. How does radiation effect birth gender?

A. It damages the Y chromosome in sperm.

B. It stops X chromosomes and Y chromosomes combining.

C. It kills baby girls before they are born.

D. It damages the X chromosome in sperm.

4. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. Nuclear age has led to millions of fewer baby girls being born.

B. Nuclear radiation has bad effects upon people's health.

C. Worries about radiation risks.

D. Nuclear age helps reduce the world population.