问题 阅读理解与欣赏

人类与技术环境

近几十年来,人类发明了维生素、杀虫剂、电视、雷达、原子反应堆、电子计算机……这一切构成了今天高度发达的技术环境,也称为“第二自然界”,使地球上的物质以惊人的速度增长,大约每隔15年其数量增加一倍。在当今世界,人类正面临着自己建造的技术环境的严峻挑战。

跟技术环境的    ①速度相比,生物机体的     ②速度极其缓慢。考古学家和人类学家都认为,原始人和现代人在大脑构造上相差无几。几千年来人对语言的反应速度并无差异,基本上是平均每秒钟接受2.5个单词。然而,从世界上第一台电子计算机的每秒运算5000次     ③到当前的每秒钟几十亿次的大型电子计算机,还不到半个世纪的时间。

人的大脑能否不断适应飞速发展的技术环境呢?有的人甚至认为将来人工智能也许会完全取代自然智能。难道果真如此吗?科学界的有识之士,对于第一点的回答是肯定的,而对于第二点则持否定态度。

大脑是人类自然智能取之不尽用之不竭的源泉。人的大脑里的神经元有140多亿个,构成了地球上最完善和效率最高的自然信息系统,这是自然界美妙绝伦的创造,是人类发明的任何先进的信息技术工具或人工智能所无法超越的。

总之,尽管人类创造的技术环境无时无刻不在向它的主人提出严峻的挑战,但是,在利用和改造自然界的过程中,人类永远是技术环境的主人。

1、文中①②③三处依次填入的词语正确的一项是(  )(2分)

A﹒变革发展演变  B﹒变革演变发展  C﹒发展变革演变  D﹒演变变革发展

2、本文通过        和人脑的比较,具体说明了人工智能的发展速度比自然智能快。

3、从第三段内容看,科学界的有识之士肯定的是            

否定的是                      。(3分)

4、下面能体现本文主旨的一项是(  )(3分)

A﹒在当今世界上,人类正面临着自己建造的技术环境的严峻挑战。

B﹒大脑是人类自然智能取之不尽用之不竭的源泉。

C﹒人工智能正处在一个飞速发展的阶段。

D﹒在利用和改造自然界的过程中,人类永远是技术环境的主人。

答案

1、B

2、电子计算机   

3、人的大脑能不断适应飞速发展的技术环境;将来人工智能也许会完全取代自然智能

4、D

思路分析或评分要点

1、B (从上下文的内容来选择)

2、选文是将人工智能与计算机智能比较。

3、据文章最后两段来分析:“科学界的有识之士,对于第一点的回答是肯定的,而对于第二点则持否定态度”;“是人类发明的任何先进的信息技术工具或人工智能所无法超越的”

4、D (文章结尾说明作者肯定了人脑的功能,否定了计算机控制人的说法)

阅读理解

In the 13th century, the famous Italian traveler, Marco Polo, traveled a long way to China. During his stay in China, he saw many wonderful things. One of the things he discovered was that the Chinese used paper money. In Western countries, people did not use paper money until the 15th century. However, people in China began to use paper money in the 7th century.

A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. He made it from wood. He took the wood from trees and made it into paper. He then put these pieces of paper together and made them into a book.

Now paper still comes from trees. We use a lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. If there are no trees, there will be no paper. Every day, people throw away about 2,800 tons of paper in our city. It takes 17 trees to make one ton of paper. This means that we are cutting nearly 48,000 trees every day. Since it takes more than 10 years for a tree to grow, we must start using less paper now. If we don’t, we will not give enough time to grow more trees to take the place of those we use for paper.

So how can we save paper? We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially then we are making notes. We can choose drinks in bottles instead of those in paper packets. We can also use cotton handkerchief and not paper ones. When we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags. If the shop assistant does give us a paper, we can save it and reuse it later.

Everyone can help to save paper. If we all think carefully, we can help protect trees. But we should do it now, before it is too late.

小题1: When he was in China, Marco Polo ________.

A.saw many wonderful things

B.read a lot of books

C.discovered Cai Lun invented paper

D.learned to make paper小题2:About ________ tons of paper are thrown away every day in our city.

A.48,000

B.1,700

C.2,000

D.2,800小题3:Which of the following is NOT the way of saving paper?

A.To use cotton handkerchiefs instead of paper ones.

B.To grow more trees.

C.To use both sides of very piece of paper.

D.To use the paper bags from shops more than once.小题4:Which of the following is NOT true?

A.About 48,000 trees can be used to make 2,800 tons of paper.

B.If we keep on wasting paper, we will have no paper to use.

C.The Chinese used paper money much earlier than the people in western countries.

D.It is never too late to plant trees for paper.小题5:Which is the best title of the passages?

A.Cotton Handkerchiefs Back Again

B.Cai Lun, the Great Inventor

C.Saving Paper

D.The history of Paper

单项选择题