问题 单项选择题

人工智能是一门新兴的边缘科学,这项技术是一个有可能导致对社会产生重大影响的新技术。它主要研究怎么样能使计算机能做原来只有人才能做的具有智能性质的工作。所谓智能工作是指人在认识或者实验活动中所具有的感知观察能力、记忆能力、逻辑思维能力和语言表达能力等综合心理机智;简而言之,就是指在人的脑力活动中所表现出来的能力。人工智能研究,目前有两种不同的探索途径来实现对人脑智能的模拟:一是通过仿生学手段,从结构上进行模拟,以达到功能模拟,目前人工神经网络计算机的研究就是一个很有希望的方面;另一个是直接通过启发式程序模拟人脑能力,从博弈机、数学证明到已经得到较大成功的各种专家系统以及知识工程研究都取得了实质性的进展。人脑功能模型的关键是对人的自然智能逻辑进行形式化的问题。传统计算机是以二值逻辑为基础的,其特点是建立在加法和移位基础上的各种计算能力;另外对确定性问题具有逻辑推理能力,并且可以比人有更高的速度、精度和效率。①这样的计算机并不具有人脑那样灵活处理信息和像人一样的创造性思维的能力。事实上要用二值逻辑来模拟人的思维过程是不可能的。这是②目前的计算机理论依然是经典数学的精确方法,即以非此即彼的二值逻辑为基础的,③已经引进了概率统计等随机数学方法,④仍不能解决对普遍存在的模糊信息进行处理的问题。这就不能模拟人的模糊化思维的逻辑机制。所以要让计算机进一步模拟人思维的特点,就必须在计算机中引进模糊逻辑,用来对普遍存在的模糊事物和现象从整体特征上把握它,勾勒出事物的轮廓,估测出事物的进程趋势,做出灵活而有意义的结论。而模糊思维恰恰是人的自然智能与人工智能的差异的关键之一。这也正是解决人工智能困境的一条途径。

对“智能”的含义解释恰当而且全面的是()。

A.观察能力

B.记忆能力

C.逻辑思维能力

D.人脑的活动能力

答案

参考答案:D

阅读理解
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单项选择题