问题 综合题

(10分)【历史上的重大改革回眸】阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一

鹿鸣馆

材料二 邦人迄今习欧美之风有两误端。其一为不习欧美人之所以致文明之路,而仅习文明后呈现之皮相;其二为应后习之物为先习,而应先习之物为后习,实为颠倒了本末前后之顺序。至此,吾人习欧美之风虽近二十年有余,而似文明开化之物唯止于其外表之相,致使吾国力日渐疲惫,人心日渐陷于浮薄。                                          

——西村茂树《文明开化的顺序》

回答:

(1)材料一的场景反映了日本明治维新时期哪一方面的改革措施?这一措施的实行起到什么作用?(6分)

(2)据材料二,指出日本学习西方带来的消极后果及原因。(4分)

答案

(1)措施:倡导“文明开化。(2分,如答生活习俗西化,引进西方文明也可给分)

作用:让更多的日本人认识和了解西方文明,促进了日本社会的近代化。(4分)

(2)国力疲惫,人心浮薄。(2分)学习西方本末倒置,浮于表面不及本质。(2分)

题目分析:(1)第一小问,注意鹿鸣馆是日本明治维新后在东京建的一所类似于沙龙的会馆,供改革西化后的达官贵人们聚会风雅的地方。因此反映了倡导“文明开化”。第二小问结合所学知识回答,“文明开化”有利于让日本人认识和了解西方文明,促进了日本社会的近代化。

(2)注意材料信息“应后习之物为先习,而应先习之物为后习,实为颠倒了本末前后之顺序” “吾人习欧美之风虽近二十年有余,而似文明开化之物唯止于其外表之相,致使吾国力日渐疲惫,人心日渐陷于浮薄”,据此指出日本学习西方带来的消极后果及原因。

单项选择题
阅读理解

People living in the country enjoy several advantages that people living in the city cannot enjoy.

They are in close contact (接触) with nature. They make friends with trees and stones.  They breathe fresh air. They fight with strong winds. They listen to the song of birds.

This contact with nature is good for health. There are many diseases that are common in the city, but are not to be found in the country, For example, near---sightedness is almost unknown to country people.

Because of the absence of cars, one can walk more freely in the country than in the city, There are no rules of the road nor traffic signs to obey.

People living in the country can easily get fresh vegetables, fresh fruit and fresh milk, and they get them at lower prices than in the city.

Country life is economical (节俭的) in other ways, too. There are practically no temptations to waste money.

Country people are mostly honest. They say what they mean, and make and keep promises with sincerity (诚意). They do not put on air (摆架子). They do not pretend to have those ridiculous (荒谬的) manners which are necessary in what we call polite society.

小题1: What can’t country people often enjoy?

A.Musical concerts.

B.Fresh air.

C.Song of birds.

D.Close contact with nature.小题2:What is probably more expensive in the country than in the city?

A.Vegetables.

B.Beer.

C.Milk.

D.Fruit.小题3: What is NOT true of country life?

A.The traffic accident rate is very high in the country.

B.Living in the country saves one a lot of money.

C.Country people enjoy better health than the city people.

D.Country people are honest.