一般资料：求助者，女性，29岁，已婚，大学文化程度，某公司职员。案例介绍：求助者是本市人，家中经济条件优越。在工作中与本公司一位同事恋爱，尽管对方比自己小两岁，且家在农村，家中经济条件较差，但还是不顾父母的反对，与之结婚。婚后两人生活得很幸福。然而在孩子出生、公公婆婆来同住后，为生活琐事经常产生矛盾。求助者怪罪公公婆婆没有文化，愚昧落后，怪罪丈夫不和自己一心。为此经常生气，内心苦恼，主动前来心理咨询。下面是心理咨询师与该求助者的一段咨询对话：心理咨询师：你能详细地说说你与公公婆婆及丈夫产生矛盾的原因吗？求助者：我家是本市的，家里就我一个孩子，虽然我父母当时坚决反对我嫁给他，但婚后还是给我们买了房买了车，就连婚礼的费用都是我父母出的。没孩子时我们两人生活得很幸福，有了孩子后公公婆婆坚持要来，说是要照顾我，照顾孙子，我也不好意思拒绝。可来后矛盾就出来了，我晚上经常因为喂奶睡不好觉，早上起得晚，可他们四五点钟就起来了，吵得我也睡不好，说了几次，他们反而怪我娇气。我婆婆做饭就是糊弄，还特别咸，我一表示不满丈夫就说我找事。最典型的是有一次我父母从外地回来，半夜的飞机，让我丈夫去接。我婆婆说他儿子累，第二天还要上班，不允许去。他们来后我父母请他们吃了好几次饭，而我看父母从家里拿了一箱奶，我婆婆都跟我丈夫叨唠，说我什么东西都往娘家搬。我父母为我们付出很多，他们怎么能这样对我和我的父母呢？我很伤心，越想越生气！为这些事我们现在关系很紧张，经常吵架。心理咨询师：我听明白了，也知道了你的想法，你和你的父母为你们的小家付出了很多，公婆及丈夫不但不感激，反而做出让你很伤心的事，你非常生气，是这样吗？求助者：对啊，您理解得太对了，就是这样的。心理咨询师：咱们前面商定的咨询目标是减轻你的情绪困扰，现在先看看你是怎么生气的吧。求助者：怎么生的气？当然是他们这样对我和父母让我伤心、让我生气。如果他们对我和我父母好些，我怎么会生气呢？心理咨询师：我听明白了，按你所说，你要求自己对丈夫、公婆怎样，丈夫、公婆就应该对你怎样。求助者：对呀，夫妻双方就应该这样啊！心理咨询师：按你所说，你信奉的是一个人对另一个人怎样，另一个人就应该对他（她）怎样。求助者：对啊，应该的呀。这不就是礼尚往来嘛？心理咨询师：因此，别人对你怎样，你肯定就对别人怎样。我喜欢你，我对你好，你一定就对我好，你肯定与丈夫离婚，肯定嫁给我。求助者：（沉默）……您在开玩笑吧，那怎么成呢？您对我再好，我也不能与丈夫离婚呢！心理咨询师：你刚讲过一个人对另一个人怎样，另一个人就应该对他怎样，我对你好，而你并不对我好，这似乎有些矛盾，你能解释一下吗？求助者：（沉默）……你对我好，可我是有家室的人，当然不能对你好了！心理咨询师：你看，尽管我对你好，可你实际上并没有对我好。求助者：是的。心理咨询师：你提出要求，别人就应该按你所说的去做，而别人提出要求，你却可以不按别人的要求去做，同样是提出要求，却有不同的结果，这怎么解释呢？求助者：（沉默）我好像有些明白了，就是一个人对别人怎样，别人不一定就对他（她）怎样？心理咨询师：是的，你和父母对你的丈夫公婆很好，你就要求他们也这样对你及你的父母。这是一种绝对化的要求，一种不合理的信念，正是它使你内心极其不平衡。不合理的信念会造成你的情绪困扰，通过改变它，你就能改变自己的情绪。例如把对别人的"要求"变成"希望"，当不希望的事发生时，最多是一种失望，不会过分的怨恨别人，自己也就不会生气了。求助者：我明白了，我对丈夫及公婆怎样，他们不一定就对我和父母怎样，实际上我要是能接受他们对我及父母好或者不好这两种可能，就不会生气了。

“因此，别人对你怎样，……肯定嫁给我。”表明心理咨询师（）

A.启发求助者思考

B.按求助者的信念推理

C.改变求助者信念

D.实施对求助者的教育

We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft no longer exists.

One of the ways these people wrongly support their view is by pointing to 100-year-old homes which are still solid, and arguing that it is the craftsmanship that is responsible for their durability. “Homes in those days were well-built,” they say. No doubt these homes were well-built, but what these people have done is mix up the quality of material used in the house with the quality of the craftsmanship.

Homes today could be built to last just as long as those old homes if people were willing or able to pay the price. For example, most people can no longer afford solid oak stairways, although they were once fairly common in older homes. Nor can they afford the high labor cost of employing a carpenter to build the stairway. Yet if someone can pay the high cost, there are still plenty of carpenters around able to make those stairways. And not only would these carpenters know how to build them, they would probably do a better job than carpenters of old.

One thing the modern carpenter has which enables him to do a better job is much more advanced tools. Such tools as laser beams and powerplanes help them lay out a house better and make more precision cuts on the wood. Also, it is not uncommon say more to find carpenters with college degrees and carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs.

The problem of modern quality, then, really boils down to the problem of material, for the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material.

小题1: Compared to the carpenters in the past, modern carpenters are           .

A．more successful

B．more learned

C．more imaginative

D．more hardworking小题2: What does the underlined work “they” (paragraph 2) refer to?

A．Carpenters who are fond of oak stairways.

B．Carpenters who have college degrees.

C．People who think highly of carpenters of old.

D．People who think that modern material is of low quality.小题3:What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?

A．People in the past preferred to use oak to build stairways.

B．It is now expensive to employ a carpenter.

C．Modern houses last as long as the old ones.

D．Good carpenters still exist in modern times.小题4: What would be the best title for the text?

A．Is Craft Dead?

B．Craft, Back to Life?

C．History of Craftsmanship

D．Carpenters Today and Yesterday