问题 选择题

钱穆曾说:“内阁只是皇帝的私人办公厅,不是政府正式的政事堂。内阁学士也只是皇帝的内廷秘书,不是外朝正式宰相之职。于是皇帝在法理上,便变成在政府里的真正领袖。”钱穆认为皇帝成为“在政府里的真正领袖”是因为

A.唐朝实行三省六部制

B.元朝实行一省制

C.明朝废除了丞相制度

D.清朝设军机处,皇权高度集中

答案

答案:C

题目分析:材料中“内阁只是皇帝的私人办公厅,不是政府正式的政事堂。内阁学士也只是皇帝的内廷秘书,不是外朝正式宰相之职。”,说明内阁制度创立后,内阁不是法定的行政机构,只是皇帝的内侍机构。这发生在明朝废除宰相制度之后。故选C。

点评:封建君主专制主义中央集权下,削弱相权、强化皇权的斗争一直存在,但每个王朝的措施、特点各不相同。明太祖废除了丞相,权分六部,由六部直接对皇帝负责。宰相制度废除后,皇权进一步失去制约,君主专制空前强化。2012年高考在考查本部分内容时,仍以考查各个历史阶段强化皇权、削弱相权的措施及其特点为主。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

Bicycle Safety

Operation  Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and

regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.

Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack---even if you are only away for

a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free.

Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike

stolen.

Equipment

              

Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.

              

Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit

properly.

                

Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the

bike. A taillight is a good idea.

Rules of the Road

Riding on Campus  As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted

bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on

campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved

in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain

at the scene until the officer lets you go.

Bicycle Parking  Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are

not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.

If Things Go Wrong

If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you

could be fined for:

No bicycle registration---------------------------------------------------$25

 Bicycle parking banned--------------------------------------------------$30

 Blocking path with bicycle ---------------------------------------------$40

 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -------------------------$35

1. Registration of your bicycle may help you _____________.

A. find y our stolen bicycle

B. get your serial number

C. receive free repair services

D. settle conflicts with walkers

2. According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?

A. Brakes.

B. A helmet.        

C. A headlight.      

D.A taillight.

3. When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ___________.

A. ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks

B. cycle at a speed of over 15 mph

C. put the walkers' right of way first    

D. call the police before leaving in a case of accident

4. If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _________.

A. $25

B. $30

C. $35

D. $40

5 What is the passage mainly about?

A. A guide for safe bicycling on campus.      

B. Directions for bicycle tour on campus.

C. Regulations of bicycle race on campus.    

D. Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.

单项选择题