问题 填空题

For centuries people have been fighting over whether governments should allow trade between countries. There have been, and probably always will be, (1) to the argument. Some people argue that just (2) is best for both the country and the world. Others argue that trade with other countries (3) for some people to make a good living. Both sides are at least (4) .
International trade matters a lot. Its effects on (5) are enormous. Imagine a world in which your country (6) at all with other countries. Imagine what kind of job you would be (7) and what goods you could buy or not buy in such a world.
For the United States, for example, start by imagining that it lived without its (8) a year in imported oil, and cut back on its (9) because the remaining domestic oil and other energy sources were (10) . Producers and consumers in other parts of the economy would (11) if they were suddenly stripped of foreign-made goods like CD players and clothing. On the (12) side, suppose that Boeing could sell airplanes, and farmers could sell their crops, (13) the United States, and that U. S. universities could admit only (14) . In each case there are people who gain and people who lose from (15) international trade. In any case, less or more international trade will have (16) on your career as well as your life.
For years, American companies are often faced with the choice of buying (17) , which are expensive, and foreign-made goods, which are cheap. If the company buys American goods, it may (18) taxpayers by failing to keep prices low. But if it buys foreign goods, it may (19) the jobs of American workers. Recently, Congress has passed a law compelling American companies with government contracts to (20) domestic goods and services.

For centuries people have been fighting over whether governments should allow trade between countries. There have been, and probably always will be, (1) to the argument. Some people argue that just (2) is best for both the country and the world. Others argue that trade with other countries (3) for some people to make a good living. Both sides are at least (4) .
International trade matters a lot. Its effects on (5) are enormous. Imagine a world in which your country (6) at all with other countries. Imagine what kind of job you would be (7) and what goods you could buy or not buy in such a world.
For the United States, for example, start by imagining that it lived without its (8) a year in imported oil, and cut back on its (9) because the remaining domestic oil and other energy sources were (10) . Producers and consumers in other parts of the economy would (11) if they were suddenly stripped of foreign-made goods like CD players and clothing. On the (12) side, suppose that Boeing could sell airplanes, and farmers could sell their crops, (13) the United States, and that U. S. universities could admit only (14) . In each case there are people who gain and people who lose from (15) international trade. In any case, less or more international trade will have (16) on your career as well as your life.
For years, American companies are often faced with the choice of buying (17) , which are expensive, and foreign-made goods, which are cheap. If the company buys American goods, it may (18) taxpayers by failing to keep prices low. But if it buys foreign goods, it may (19) the jobs of American workers. Recently, Congress has passed a law compelling American companies with government contracts to (20) domestic goods and services.

答案

参考答案:peace and quiet

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正确认识文化产业的功能

文化产业是一种新兴产业。它通过创意、加工、制作等手段,把文化资源转换为各种形式的文化产品,在满足人们日益增长的精神文化需求的同时创造了巨大的经济效益。近年来,我国文化产业蓬勃发展、成效显著,但也出现了部分文化企业片面追求经济效益、一味迎合大众口味、助长“低俗、庸俗、媚俗”之风等问题。解决这些突出问题,需要我们科学认识文化产业的娱乐功能和教育功能,妥善处理二者之间的关系。

文化产业的娱乐功能,主要指通过文化产品、文化活动等,让人们放松身心、活动肌体、交流情感;文化产业的教育功能,主要指大众在消费、使用、享受文化产品和文化活动时,受到主流思想观念和行为规范的影响,在是与非、对与错、善与恶、美与丑、真与假、好与坏等问题上形成正确的价值判断和思想观念。在许多国家,文化产业的教育功能还体现在维护政党主张、国家安全、社会稳定、民族团结、宗教权威等方面。娱乐功能和教育功能都是文化产业的重要功能。失去了娱乐功能,文化产品不够喜闻乐见、丰富多样,文化产业的发展就失去了动力;失去了教育功能,文化产业就没有精神和价值支撑,也就成了无本之木。推动文化产业持续健康发展,应坚持娱乐功能与教育功能的有机统一。

既着眼于满足受众需求,又坚持正确导向。大力发展文化产业,首先应把满足人们不同层次的精神需求作为根本出发点和落脚点,提供种类丰富,层次多样的文化产品和文化服务,充分保障人民群众的文化权益。同时应注意,文化产业不能一味迎合大众的消费需求,而应坚持社会主义先进文化的发展方向,充分发挥教育引领作用,促进人的全面发展。为此,应加强对文化产品创作生产的引导,增强文化企业的责任意识,纠正一些文化企业片面追求经济效益的倾向,努力推出更多面向群众、面向基层、面向市场,经得起实践、人民、历史检验的精品力作。

既追求经济效益,又重视社会效益。市场在文化产业发展中起着基础性作用,没有市场就没有文化产业。如果文化产品和文化服务在市场上不受欢迎,经济价值就无法实现,社会效益也就无从谈起。这就要求文化产品和文化服务的提供者既遵循精神文化产品的创作规律,又遵循市场经济的运行规律,努力创作和生产更多既体现群众多样化多层次的精神文化需求、又体现主流价值观念并能产生良好经济效益和社会效益的作品和产品。

既充分发挥市场的推动作用,又注重政府的引导作用。在市场经济条件下,文化产品同其他商品一样,必然受到市场规律的制约。如果放任文化市场自发运行,就容易导致文化资源配置的不平衡,导致文化企业单纯追求利润的最大化,而忽视了应当承担的社会责任。这就需要政府充分发挥引导和监督的职能,大力推动社会主义核心价值体系建设,积极开展社会主义精神文明创建活动,引导文化产业认真履行社会责任,充分发挥精神文化产品在引导人民群众树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观方面的重要作用。

既不断挖掘传统文化资源,又注重传统文化资源的现代转换。我国历史悠久,传统文化资源丰富。这是发展文化产业的宝贵财富。但要把传统文化资源的优势转化成为文化产业优势,必须充分把握现代受众的接受特点和心理特征,采用大众喜闻乐见、易于接受的方式,对我国传统文化资源进行现代转换,形成既有教育性又有娱乐性,民族特色鲜明、深受市场欢迎的文化产品和服务。

(选自《人民日报》)

小题1:下列关于“文化产业”的表述,符合原文意思的一项:

A.我国文化产业虽然蓬勃发展、成效显著,但文化企业片面追求经济效益,一味迎合大众口味,“低俗、庸俗、媚俗”之风盛行。

B.文化产业主要通过文化产品、文化活动等让人们放松身心、活动肌体、交流情感,促进民族团结来实现它的娱乐功能。

C.通过创意、加工、制作等手段,把文化资源转换为各种形式的文化产品的文化产业是一种新兴产业。它在满足群众多样化多层次的精神文化需求的同时创造了巨大的经济效益。

D.受主流思想观念和行为规范的影响,大众在消费、使用、享受文化产品和文化活动时,在是与非、对与错、善与恶、美与丑、真与假、好与坏等问题上能形成正确的价值判断和思想观念,这便是文化产业的教育功能。小题2:根据原文内容,下列有关认识不正确的一项是:

A.如果文化产品和文化服务在市场上不受欢迎,经济价值就无法实现,社会效益也就

无从谈起,因而没有市场就没有文化产业。

B.遵循精神文化产品的创作规律,就会影响文化产品的市场效益,遵循市场经济的运行规律,满足群众多样化多层次的精神文化需求,就会让文化产品不能体现主流价值观念。

C.推动文化产业持续健康发展,应以满足人们不同层次的精神需求作为根本出发点和落脚点,充分发挥政府的引导和监督职能,坚持娱乐功能和教育功能的有机统一。

D.抓住受众的特点,采用恰当的方式,对我国传统文化资源进行现代转换,会深受市场欢迎。小题3:简要谈谈,如果不能正确认识文化产业的功能问题,对文化产业的发展会有怎样的影响?(6分)

单项选择题