问题 填空题

For centuries people have been fighting over whether governments should allow trade between countries. There have been, and probably always will be, (1) to the argument. Some people argue that just (2) is best for both the country and the world. Others argue that trade with other countries (3) for some people to make a good living. Both sides are at least (4) .
International trade matters a lot. Its effects on (5) are enormous. Imagine a world in which your country (6) at all with other countries. Imagine what kind of job you would be (7) and what goods you could buy or not buy in such a world.
For the United States, for example, start by imagining that it lived without its (8) a year in imported oil, and cut back on its (9) because the remaining domestic oil and other energy sources were (10) . Producers and consumers in other parts of the economy would (11) if they were suddenly stripped of foreign-made goods like CD players and clothing. On the (12) side, suppose that Boeing could sell airplanes, and farmers could sell their crops, (13) the United States, and that U. S. universities could admit only (14) . In each case there are people who gain and people who lose from (15) international trade. In any case, less or more international trade will have (16) on your career as well as your life.
For years, American companies are often faced with the choice of buying (17) , which are expensive, and foreign-made goods, which are cheap. If the company buys American goods, it may (18) taxpayers by failing to keep prices low. But if it buys foreign goods, it may (19) the jobs of American workers. Recently, Congress has passed a law compelling American companies with government contracts to (20) domestic goods and services.

For centuries people have been fighting over whether governments should allow trade between countries. There have been, and probably always will be, (1) to the argument. Some people argue that just (2) is best for both the country and the world. Others argue that trade with other countries (3) for some people to make a good living. Both sides are at least (4) .
International trade matters a lot. Its effects on (5) are enormous. Imagine a world in which your country (6) at all with other countries. Imagine what kind of job you would be (7) and what goods you could buy or not buy in such a world.
For the United States, for example, start by imagining that it lived without its (8) a year in imported oil, and cut back on its (9) because the remaining domestic oil and other energy sources were (10) . Producers and consumers in other parts of the economy would (11) if they were suddenly stripped of foreign-made goods like CD players and clothing. On the (12) side, suppose that Boeing could sell airplanes, and farmers could sell their crops, (13) the United States, and that U. S. universities could admit only (14) . In each case there are people who gain and people who lose from (15) international trade. In any case, less or more international trade will have (16) on your career as well as your life.
For years, American companies are often faced with the choice of buying (17) , which are expensive, and foreign-made goods, which are cheap. If the company buys American goods, it may (18) taxpayers by failing to keep prices low. But if it buys foreign goods, it may (19) the jobs of American workers. Recently, Congress has passed a law compelling American companies with government contracts to (20) domestic goods and services.

答案

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阅读理解与欣赏

荒漠中的苇    

王剑冰

①汽车穿行于茫茫戈壁已经很久了。人们初开始的兴趣早已变成了朦胧的睡意。公路像条细细的带子在沙漠中甩来甩去,不知尽头在何处。有人不停地在后悔,应该走另一条国道的,是我等少数几个出的点子,说走这条路可以看到五彩城。远远的五彩城直到我们走到了天黑,看到一颗好大的月亮,也没有见到它的踪影。旅途上的事情是不能凭美丽的想象来完成的。慢慢地我也没有了什么兴趣。除了沙漠还是沙漠,而且沙漠的颜色还不是金黄色的,很多都是粗糙的暗褐色的沙石,在公路的两边铺向无尽的远方。胡杨呢?红柳呢?几乎看不到什么植被,偶尔的几株沙棘,一晃就过去了。有时出现的不高的丘陵,也仅够让视线有个起伏的弧度。沙海茫茫,真正是茫茫了。

②窄窄的戈壁公路上跑着的几乎就是我们这一辆汽车,弱小的一叶扁舟样地在大海的波涛中翻涌。

③中间在什么地方吃了一顿午饭,然后就昏昏沉沉睡着了。醒来已是半下午了,车子还是不急不躁地跑着。我又一次地把头靠在窗户上,无聊地看着已不成风景的风景。就在这时,我竟然看到了一种熟悉的植物,是的,是那种水乡才能看到的植物——苇!起先我有点不相信自己的眼睛,以为是看错了,当这种植物又一次在我的视线中出现的时候,我真正地看清了,是苇。

④在我的感觉里,苇属于弱者,弱者都是以群居的形式出现的,所谓“芸芸众生”。群居才能产生勇气,才能产生平衡,才能产生力量,才会便于生存。苇便是一种群像的结合体,荡漾是她的形容词。我曾在双台河口湿地保护区,在我的家乡渤海湾,在孙犁笔下的白洋淀,都看到过面积逾十万亩甚至百万亩的大芦苇荡。那一望无际的芦苇,像纤腰袅娜的女子,一群群相拥相携地在风中悠悠起舞。“蒹葭苍苍,白露为霜。所谓伊人,在水一方。”《诗经》中对一位玉人的思念也是以这美丽的植物为衬物。作为一种最为古老的植物,苇给人们带来的总是美好的想望。很多的女孩借用了苇的名字。那是一种带有情感的、内涵丰富的、柔韧的、温馨的表达与体现。

⑤可眼前这些苇却显得这般瘦削,不成气势。就像初生小女的头发,稀稀落落地表明着生命的再生。或像耄耋老者,以几许羊胡迎风,扬头看着不多的时日。我想象不到在这样荒凉(不只是荒凉,简直是恐怖)的地方,怎么会有苇这种植物生长。是鸟的羽翅?是风的神力?她们真的不该诞生在这里。在白洋淀、沙家浜,苇正牵裳起舞,接受着游人的赞叹;在渤海湾、黄海滩,苇也是丰足地吸吮着大地的乳汁,欢快地歌唱。

⑥这该是植物中的弱女子啊,给她一片(不,哪怕是一点)水,她就敢生根、发芽、开花,摇曳出一片星火,一片阳光。那确实是一小片水,好像是修路开挖出的低洼地,仅仅是存留的一点点雨水,而绝不会是人为的故意,她们就结伴地生长起来,那是多么少的伴儿啊。但女子们还是愿意有伴的,这是她们的天性。孤芳自赏的苇似乎不称为苇,况且在这样的地方她们别说孤芳,连群艳也无可夺目。如果不是我惺忪中的一瞥,一个王姓男子也就同她们连一目的交情也错过了。

⑦那片水已经剩了一点点,而她们的长大,还不是借助那一点水吗?看她们的样子,也就是刚刚过了童年而进入了青春期。那可是戈壁滩,是茫茫大漠,她们会摇曳、会挣扎多久呢?水涸地裂,沙丘涌动,她们都活不了。我已经看到,离水稍远的几株已经干枯颓折。

⑧不过我想,既然作为一种生命,站立于这个世界上,就有她生命存在的意义和可能。这个生命就会不讲方式,不图后果地向上生长,直至呼出最后一息。苇,或被风收去,或被沙掩埋,都会以她最后的努力,度过她最美丽的时光。苇,你的意思不是萎,是伟!想起金克木《生命》一诗中有一句“生命是伴着芦苇的啜泣与哈欠”,暗自笑了。这不知写于何时何背景的诗句,有些明了又有些不明,我这时倒是想改一句:“生命是伴着啜泣与哈欠的芦苇。”

⑨西部,戈壁,荒漠,苇,我把这样的字眼在寂寞的旅途上相连,竟就连出了一种美妙的景。

(2011年第3期《散文选刊》)

小题1:本文主体是写“苇”,而开篇却用较多的笔墨写了“荒漠”,这样写有何用意?(4分)

                                                                              

                                                                              

小题2:水乡里的苇与荒漠中的苇各有什么不同?请简要概括相关信息。(4分)

                                                                              

                                                                              

小题3:句子理解(8分)

⑴从语言表达的角度赏析第⑤段划线句子。(4分)

就像初生小女的头发,稀稀落落地表明着生命的再生。或像耄耋老者,以几许羊胡迎风,扬头看着不多的时日。

                                                                                 

                                                                               

(2)在第⑧段中,作者把金克木的诗句“生命是伴着芦苇的啜泣与哈欠”改为“生命是伴着啜泣与哈欠的芦苇”。请理解作者改动的意图。(4分)

                                                                                

                                                                              

小题4:作者写苇,显然又不仅仅是在写苇,作者运用了怎样的表现手法?探究一下作者要表达的情感。(4分)

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