About fifty years ago, plant physiologists set out to grow roots by themselves in solutions in laboratory flasks. The scientists found that the nutrition of isolated roots was quite simple. They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins. However, they did not require organic nitrogen compounds. These roots got along free on mineral inorganic nitrogen. Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds. These activities by roots require energy, of course. The process of respiration uses sugar to make the high energy compound ATP, which drives the biochemical reactions. Respiration also requires oxygen. Highly active roots require a good deal of oxygen.
The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants. The leaves of the shoots provide the roots with sugar and vitamins, and the roots provide the shoots with water and minerals. In addition, roots can provide the shoots withorganic nitrogen compounds. This comes in handy for the growth of buds in the early spring when leaves are not yet functioning. Once leaves begin photosynthesizing, they produce protein, but only mature leaves can "export" protein to the rest of the plant in the form of amino acids.

What is the main topic of the passage

A．The relationship between a plant’s roots and its shoots.

B．What can be learned by growing roots in isolation.

C．How plants can be grown without roots.

D．What elements are necessary for the growth of plants.

某主干道污水管道工程，设计采用直径700mm的HDPE高密度聚乙烯双壁波纹管.在沟槽开挖中，由于施工员未交代清楚，结果槽底挖深了20cm左右，施工员发现后，立即安排用挖出的土回填至设计高程.管道工程施工完毕后不到一个月发生沟槽位置沉陷，经查管道内部无明显问题.管道使用一年多时间后，发现有检查井四周沉降，井盖破损，管道塌瘪现象，造成排水不畅，需要返工。

规范规定：沟槽胸腔及管顶以上（）范围内填土时，应做到分层回填，两侧同时进行回填夯实，高差不得超过30cm，回填土中不得含有碎石、石块及大于10cm冻土块，管座混凝土强度达5MPa以上方能回填。

A.30cm

B.40cm

C.50cm

D.60cm