问题 问答题

以“对数函数及其性质”为内容撰写一份说课稿。

答案

参考答案:各位老师,大家好!今天我说课的内容是人教版必修(一)对数函数及其性质第一课时,下面,我将从背景分析、教学目标设计、教辅手段、教学过程、教学评价设计五个方面对本课时的教学设计进行说明。
(1)背景分析
①学习任务分析。本节课主要学习对数函数的概念、图象和性质,求对数函数的定义域。对数函数是学生学习高中数学新教材引进的第二个基本初等函数,在学生学习指数函数和对数的运算后学习,本节课通过实际问题,引入对数函数,学生利用学习指数的方法来探索和研究对数函数的图象、性质,体会数形结合概括归纳的数学思想和方法,发展学生的数学思维能力。对数函数是本章一类重要函数,蕴涵着很重要的数学思想。根据课程标准我将本节课的重点确定为对数函数的概念、图象性质。
②学情分析。学生的基础较好,大多数学生的动手能力较好,因此可以通过描点,让学生动手画图象,观察图象的特征,进一步理解性质,因此我将本课的难点确定为用数形结合的方法从具体到一般地探索、概括对数函数的性质。
(2)教学目标设计
课程标准指出本节课的学习目标是:通过具体实例理解对数函数的概念,能借助计算机或计算器画出具体对数函数的图象,探索并理解对数函数的性质。所以本节课的教学目标为:①知识目标:理解指数函数的定义,掌握对数函数的图性质及其简单应用。②能力目标:通过教学培养学生观察问题、分析问题的能力,培养学生严谨的思维和科学正确的计算能力。③情感目标:通过学习,使学生学会认识事物的特殊与一般性之间的关系,构建和谐的课堂氛围,培养学生勇于提问、善于探索的思维品质。
(3)教辅手段
以学生独立思考、自主探究、合作交流,教师启发引导为主,以多媒体演示为辅的教学方法进行教学。
(4)教学过程
①创设情境,引入新课
本节课我是从在指数函数一节曾经做过的一道习题入手的。这样以旧代新逐层递近,不仅使学生易懂而且还体现了指对函数间的密切关系。我的引题是这样的:引题:一个细胞由一个分裂成两个,两个分裂成四个……依此类推,
A.求这样的一个细胞分裂的次数x与细胞个数y之间的函数关系式。
B.256个细胞是这个细胞经过几次分裂得到的那么要得到1万、10万个细胞呢第一问学生很容易得出是指数函数:y=2x。再看第二问,通过思考学生分析出这是个已知细胞个数求分裂次数的问题,即已知y求x的问题,即x=log2y,紧接着问学生:这是一个函数吗将知识迁移到函数的定义,即对于任意一个y是否都有唯一的x与之相对应,为了万便学生理解,可以借助指数函数图象加以解释,得出x=log2y是一个函数,但它叉和我们平时所见过的函数形式上不一样,我们习惯上用x来表示自变量,y来表示函数,所以可将它改写成y=log2x,这样的函数称为对数函数。这便引出了本节课的课题。由于有了之前学习指数函数的基础,学生很容易就可归纳总结出:对数函数的一般形式:y=logax(a>0且a≠1),并求出定义域(0,+∞)。
②探究新知,加强理解
得到了对数函数的解析式,学生自然而然就会想到该研究它的图象了。我的想法是这样的:一方面描点法画图是学生需要熟练掌握的一类重要的画图方法,而且学生对自己画出的图象和归纳总结的知识记忆会更加深刻,所以我决定将课堂交给学生让他们自主探究,然后同学间互相讨论,并根据图象归纳出对数函数的性质。另一方面,研究对数函数图象主要是研究底数a对图象的影响,以及底数互为倒数的两个函数图象间的关系。我是用几何画板做了一个底数a变化时图象也随着变化的课件。通过底数a的变化,会出现不同的对数函数图象,学生会发现无论a怎样变化,图象的特点与由特殊函数总结出的规律一样,所以可以由特殊推出一般结论。还可以得出对数函数图象其实分为以下两类:a>1和0<a<1。然后让学生观察图象,类比指数函数的性质,自己归纳出对数函数的性质并总结在学案上。至此,对数函数的图象及性质就由教师引导,学生自主探究归纳总结出来。

不定项选择
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     For a girl who's interested in fashion, what would be the dream job? Being a model? Probably no-that's for

a pencil thin who doesn't eat. One answer is, fashion stylist.

     Girls can find it hard to ignore this attractiveness and the field is opening up to normal girls, not only style

or fashion design majors (某专业的学生). "It looked too high before, but now I find it more approachable,"

said Xue Rui, 22, a Fudan University Chinese literature graduate who works as an assistant stylist at Hermès

in Shanghai." There is no certain principle in dressing up models, and you can try every way with your own

distinct taste to make them pretty and attractive." Some professionals said that Xue's not mistaken.

     The attractiveness of this work is not only in the wonderful clothes. Now it's a career with a bright future

and pay packet. The income can allow you to buy expensive clothes and, with your name and photo appearing

on pages, readers will remember your fashion tips.

     A stylist at a fashion magazine can have some unique rights. You have a chance to contact famous pesons

and dress them up in a style you like. You need to cooperate with top photographers and select places around

the world to take photos in. You might also be invited to fashion shows of top brands and can select some of

the favorite clothes.

     "You have to be 'all-round': from hair and make up to clothes, shoes, and accessories (配饰) to the event,"

said He Qing, 21, a junior in fashion design at the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology. "You have to know

everything, and handle several things at the same time. It's challenging. That's why I love it." 

     So, remember girls, you've been warned.

1. The underlined phrase "pay packet" (paragraph 3) means _____. [ ]

A. a large bag

B. large amount of money

C. chances

D. choices

2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? [ ]

A. There are certain principles in dressing up models.

B. The only attractiveness of this work is in the wonderful clothes.

C. Only style or fashion design majors can work as a fashion stylist.

D. A stylist knows how to make a person beautiful, from head to toe.

3. What is the unique right a stylist at a fashion magazine can have? [ ]

A. You have a chance to contact celebrities and dress them up in a style you like.

B. You need to cooperate with top photographers and select places around the world to take photos in.

C. You might also be invited to fashion shows of top brands and can select some of the favorite clothes.

D. All of above

4. What will the author write in the 6th paragraph? [ ]

A. Top brands that fashion stylists like best.

B. Various fashion shows.

C. Difficulties that fashion stylists may meet.

D. Other dream jobs.