问题 综合题

(12分)阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料

图 太和殿,清朝皇帝治国理政的场所

图  白金汉宫(左)和唐宁街10号(右),

自18世纪中期至今分别为英国王宫和首相官邸

提取材料中的信息,结合所学知识,从建筑和政治关系的角度进行中英比较。

答案

(1)提取信息准确,中英比较符合史实。(8分)示例:太和殿高大雄伟,象征皇权至上。白金汉宫工整威严,显示君主立宪制下的国王享有尊贵地位;唐宁街10号平实素朴,却是英国行政中枢,体现民主政治风格。

(2)概括综合。(4分)示例:历史上的一些建筑可视为物化的政治制度、直观的权力结构和有形的政治文化。考生从相关建筑的历史传承、历史归宿、现实影响等角度进行拓展性做答,可加2分,但本题总分不得超过12分。如太和殿现为供人参观的古迹,反映出中国已经告别君主专制、走上民主道路。

题目分析:本题考查学生读图并结合所学知识分析和理解问题的能力。图片反映了清朝清朝皇帝治国理政的太和殿和英国王宫和首相官邸,从图片可以看出,太和殿高大雄伟,白金汉宫工整威严,唐宁街10号平实素朴。然后再结合中国明清君主专制制度的加强的相关史实以及英国君主立宪制的相关内容予以解读,进一步提取出建筑背后所蕴含的政治特点,例如中国的皇权至上,英国国王的统而不治、地位尊贵以及首相的民主政治。中英比较可从中英建筑的历史传承、历史归宿、现实影响等角度进行拓展性做答。

阅读理解

We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are nauseating(令人作呕的).When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite sick when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people would find it disgusting to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as appropriate food.

 Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.

But dislike is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Some foods are taboo in certain religions, but there are also other food taboos that are not connected to a religion. We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture. We may not even know why they are taboo. Anthropologists(人类学家) try to discover the hidden reasons for taboos.

Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. Some people live in areas where there are both large animals and many insects. It is difficult for these people to kill large animals, and it requires a lot of energy. It is easier for them to use insects for food because it is not difficult to catch insects and it does not require a lot of energy. Nomadic(游牧的) people who move around will not want to keep pigs for food. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and the meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.

小题1:     What’s the main topic of this passage?

A.Food and religion.

B.Food and culture.

C.Nutrition of different foods.

D.Different ways of life.小题2:Which of the following statements is TRUE about food likes and dislikes?

A.They are seldom related to nutrition.

B.They are mostly associated with people’s taste.

C.They are mostly connected with people’s life styles.

D.They are usually related to cultures or religions.小题3:The underlined word “taboo” (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to _____.

A.something undiscovered

B.certain religions

C.something forbidden

D.certain foods小题4:What can we infer from the passage?

A.It is believed that brcoccoli is more nutritious than tomatoes.

B.Americans prefer tomatoes to beef.

C.People in Inner Mongolia would probably like to keep pigs for food.

D.The famous boxer Muhamm Ali would like to eat rat rather than butterfly.小题5:Why do Americans prefer to eat beef?

A.Because beef provides a lot of energy people require.

B.Because beef is on the list of the most nutritious foods.

C.Because they have the ideal condition to keep and ship cattle.

D.Because cattle are large animals.

单项选择题