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莫斯科谢切诺夫医学研究院近日在研究二氧化碳如何参与人和动物生命活动方面取得突破。该医学研究院的专家们在研究中发现,三氧化碳与动物生命活动密切相关,即它能抑制包括人在内的所有动物细胞中活性氧的形成。这是迄今为止二氧化碳一个[ ]的作用。
活性氧不同于普通氧,它一般以氧自由基形式存在,自身带有一个不成对电子,具有强氧化能力和极高的化学活性。通常,这种氧能在所有细胞中形成,约占进入细胞氧气量的5%。活性氧在机体中有双重作用,一方面能增强免疫,消灭细菌,杀死恶性细胞;另一方面,如在细胞中含量过多,反而会伤害正常细胞,加重病情发展。医学上早已发现,大剂量的活性氧能杀死细胞并导致动物死亡,二氧化碳的作用就是抑制人或动物体内活性氧的过量形成。
医学科学家认为,二氧化碳这一功能的发展,对研究人及动物的生命活动具有重要意义。例如,可以对地球生命起源等问题作出新的解释。发现者之一俄医学科学院院士亚历山大•柯甘说,在地球大气中氧气出现之前,生命物质依赖厌氧呼吸的办法获取能量,这个过程伴有二氧化碳的生成。当大气中出现氧气后,人或动物体内细胞中形成的活性氧已不能对生命构成危害,这就是二氧化碳在生命活动中的一种新功能。
柯甘认为,在人类胎儿形成中,几乎所有器官所需要的血都是供给含有二氧化碳相对较高的动静脉混合血;这是为了阻止在胎儿细胞中高活性氧过多,使胎儿能够正常发育。
这一新发现对分析研究全球生态问题也有一定意义。目前,大气中二氧化碳气体的含量正在以每年0.3%的速度、增长,这将使人或动物体内细胞中活性氧含量减少,导致肌体免疫力下降。专家认为,一些传染病的爆发和流行可能与大气中二氧化碳的增加有关。

对科学家们近日新发现的二氧化碳的作用,理解最恰当的一项是( )。

A.二氧化碳与动物生命活动密切相关

B.二氧化碳能抑制包括人在内的所有动物细胞中活性氧的形成

C.二氧化碳的作用就是抑制人或动物体内氧的过量形成

D.二氧化碳能伴随生命物质获取能量

答案

参考答案:B

解析:解析:A项未说明作用,只触及范围。C项不是“氧”,而是“活性氧”。D项文中无此意。

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Brazilian footballers

    The Brazilian Football Club will play with Nanjing Shuntian Team at the Olympic Sports Centre on August

26. The club has four national team players. Also coming is the World Cup star Ronaldo who has promised

to play for at least 45 minutes.

    Ticket prices: 60, 100, 150 yuan.

    Time / date: 4:30 p.m., August 26 (Sat.)

    Telephone 50123726

Rock Climbing

    The Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-27 at the Zhongshan Climbing

Training Base. More than 10 teams from Nanjing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take park in it.

A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators.

    Take a long-distance bus from Dongshan Bus Station to the Base.

    Time / Date: 9-12 a.m. August 26 and 27

    Telephone: 71431779, 71448505, Wang Zhenhua 

Bicycle tour and race

    A bicycle tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27 (Sat. & Sun.). At 5:00 a.m. the riders will leave

Gulou Square and ride the first 77 kilometres as a training leg. Then the next 126 kilometres leg, from

Yangzhou to Huai'an, will be the first competitive part of the tour. The second racing leg of the tour will be

from Huai'an to the seaside of Lianyungang, covering a distance of 102 kilometres. On Sunday afternoon all

the people and their bikes will be taken back to Nanjing. 

    Cost: 300 yuan

    Telephone: 46750278

1. The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about           . [ ]

A. visiting teams

B. things to do for the weekend

C. famous players

D. prices to pay for the sports events

2. If you take part in the bicycle tour, you will ride for           . [ ]

A. 35 kilometres

B. 77 kilometres

C. 126 kilometres

D. 305 kilometres

3. The word "leg" in Bicycle tour and race means            . [ ]

A. race

B. part of the training

C. practice

D. part of the tour

4. — From the three messages above, which is special about the rock climbing competition? 

    —           . [ ]

A. A foreign team will take part in it

B. You can watch it without paying

C. You don't have to be a sportsman to take part in

D. The bus trip to the place of the competition is free

5. The three short messages above are            . [ ]

A. advertisements

B. Short stories

C. Diaries

D. Science fiction

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