问题 填空题

The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)______
Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42)______ Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.
(43)______ Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.
If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your’ writing. (44)______ These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.
Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote "The A & P as a State of Mind" wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)______
Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times—and then again working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.
[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.
[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.
[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.
[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.
[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P "policy" he enforces.
[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in "A & P," the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.
[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

答案

参考答案:C

解析:[解题思路] [G]选项的关键词汇为:first draft, outline, thinking, notes等,而文章第二段正好也涉及了outline, draft等关键词,形成了主题一致的关联。

填空题
阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文章,回答问题。 

孩子,我为什么打你

毕淑敏

  (1)有一天与朋友聊天,我说,就是在 * * 中当红卫兵,我也没打过人。我还说,我这一辈子,从没打过人……你突然插嘴说:妈妈,你经常打一个人,那就是我……

  (2)那一瞬屋里很静很静。那一天我继续同客人谈了很多的话,但所有的话都心不在焉。孩子,你那固执的一问,仿佛爬山虎无数细小的卷须,攀满我的整个心灵。面对你纯正无瑕的眼睛,我要承认:在这个世界上,我只打过一个人。不是偶然,而是经常,不是轻描淡写,而是刻骨铭心。这个人就是你。

  (3)在你最小最小的时候,我不曾打你。你那么幼嫩,好像一粒包在荚中的青豌豆。我生怕任何一点儿轻微地碰撞,将你稚弱的生命擦伤。我为你无日无夜地操劳,无怨无悔。面对你熟睡中像合欢一样静谧的额头,我向上苍发誓:我要尽一个母亲所有的力量保护你,直到我从这颗星球上离开的那一天。

  (4)你像竹笋一样开始长大。你开始淘气,开始恶作剧……对你摔破的盆碗、拆毁的玩具、遗失的钱币、污脏的衣着……我都不曾打过你。我想这对于一个正常而活泼的儿童,都像走路会跌跤一样应该原谅。

  (5)第一次打你的起因,已经记不清了。人们对于痛苦的记忆,总是趋向于忘记。总而言之那时你已渐渐懂事,初步具备童年人的智慧;它混沌天真又我行我素,它狡黠异常又漏洞百出。你像一匹顽皮的小兽,放任无羁地奔向你向往中的草原,而我则要你接受人类社会公认的法则……为了让你记住并终生遵守它们,在所有的苦口婆心都宣告失效,在所有的夸奖、批评、恐吓以及奖赏都无以建树之后,我被迫拿出最后一件武器——这就是殴打。

  (6)假如你去摸火,火焰灼痛你的手指,这种体验将使你一生不会再去抚摸这种橙红色抖动如绸的精灵。孩子,我希望虚伪、懦弱、残忍、狡诈这些最肮脏的品质,当你初次与它们接触时,就感到切肤的疼痛,从此与它们永远隔绝。

  (7)我知道打人犯法,但这个世界给了为人父母者一项特殊的赦免——打是爱。世人将这一份特权赋于母亲,当我行使它的时候臂系千钧。

  (8)我谨慎地使用殴打,犹如一个穷人使用他最后的金钱。每当打你的时候,我的心都在轻轻颤抖。我一次又一次问自己:是不是到了非打不可的时候?不打他我还有没有其它的办法?只有当所有的努力都归于失败,孩子,我才会举起我的手……每一次打过你之后,我都要深深地自责。假如惩罚我自身可以使你汲取教训,孩子,我宁愿自罚,那怕它将苛烈10倍。但我知道,责罚不可以替代也无法转让,它如同饥馑中的食品,只有你自己嚼碎了咽下去,才会成为你生命体验中的一部分。这道理可能有些深奥,也许要到你也为人父母时,才会理解。

  (9)打人是个重体力活儿,它使人肩酸腕痛,好像徒手将一千块蜂窝煤搬上五楼。于是人们便发明了打人的工具:戒尺、鞋底、鸡毛掸子……

  (10)我从不用那些工具。打人的人用了多大的力,便是遭受到同样的反作用力,这是一条力学定律。我愿在打你的同时,我的手指亲自承受力的反弹,遭受与你相等的苦痛。这样我才可以精确地掌握数量,不致于失手将你打得太重。

  (11)我几乎毫不犹豫地认为:每打你一次,我感到的痛楚都要比你更为久远而悠长。因为,重要的不是身累,而是心累……

  (12)孩子,听了你的话,我终于决定不再打你了。因为你已经长大,因为你已经懂了很多的道理。毫不懂道理的婴孩和已经很懂道理的成人,我以为都不必打,因为打是没有用的。唯有对半懂不懂、自以为懂其实不甚懂道理的孩童,才可以打,以助他们快快长大。孩子,打与不打都是爱,你可懂得?

1.用横线划出第(2)段中一个生动的比喻,比喻句表达了作者什么样的心情?

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2.怎样理解第(5)段的“人们对于痛苦的回忆,总是趋向于忘记”?

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3.怎样理解第(11)段中的“重要的不是身累,而是心累”?

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4.第(12)段中作者为什么决定不再打孩子?

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5.怎样理解结尾处“打于不打都是爱”?

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6.你对于父母责打孩子是怎样看的?请谈谈你的理解。

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