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问题 单项选择题

根据《建筑地基基础设计规范》，有关桩基主筋配筋长度有下列四种见解，试指出其中哪种说法是不全面的（）

A．受水平荷载和弯矩较大的柱，配筋长度应通过计算确定

B．桩基承台下存在淤泥、淤泥质土或液化土层时，配筋长度应穿过淤泥、淤泥质土或液化土层

C．坡地岸边的桩、地震区的桩、抗拔桩、嵌岩端承桩应通长配筋

D．桩径大于600mm的钻孔灌注桩，构造钢筋的长度不宜小于桩长的2/3

答案

参考答案：C

解析：

根据《建筑地基基础设计规范》8.5.3条第8款规定：8度及8度以上地震区的桩应通长配筋，故C项不妥。

单项选择题 案例分析题

汪明明是宏利服装公司的人事经理，最近她刚刚兼职学习完MBA的所有课程并且获得了某著名学府的MBA学位。在MBA学习的过程中，她对于管理中的激励理论，特别是马斯洛和赫茨伯格的理论相当注意。在她看来，马斯洛的清晰的需求层次和赫茨伯格的双因素的划分非常具有操作性。因此她认为可以立即在公司中实际运用它们。据汪明明了解的可靠信息，宏利公司的工资和薪水水平在服装行业中间是最好的。因此，她认为公司在激励下属时应该集中在赫茨伯格所说的激励因素上。

经过多次会谈，她说服公司高层管理者。公司总裁授权她去制定工作计划并且放手让她去推行。在这种情况下，汪明明开始制定关于强调表彰、提升、更大的个人责任、成就以及使工作更有挑战性等各种计划，并且在组织里开始推行。但是计划运转了几个月后，她迷惑了，发现结果和她的期望相差甚远。

首先是设计师们对于计划的反应很冷漠。他们认为他们的工作本身就是一个很具有挑战性的工作。他们设计的服装在市场上很畅销就是对他们工作成绩的最大肯定，而且公司通过发放奖金的方式对他们的工作已经给予肯定。总之他们认为所有这些新计划都是浪费时间。有一个和汪明明比较熟悉的设计师甚至和她开玩笑地说：“明明，你这些玩艺儿太小儿科了，你是不是把我们当成小学生了，我看你理论学得太多子。”

裁剪工、缝纫工、熨衣工和包装工的感受是各式各样的。有些人在新计划的实行过程中受到了表扬，反映良好；但是另一些人则认为这是管理人员的诡计，要让他们更加拼命的工作，同时又不增加任何工资。而且很不幸的是，这些人占大多数。甚至偏激一些的工人开始叫嚷要联合罢工来争取自己的权益。

汪明明万万没有想到事情会发展到这个地步。原来她很信任和支持的高层管理者也开始怀疑她的计划，批评她考虑不周全。

请你在认真读完该案例后，对下列问题做出选择：

根据企业中不同的员工的不同反应，我们可以认为：（）

A．设计师和大多数一线员工都是经济人

B．设计师是社会人，大多数一线员工是经济人

C．设计师是自我实现人，大多数一线员工是经济人

D．设计师是复杂人，大多数一线员工是经济人
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问答题

(46) Surprisingly enough, modern historians have rarely interested themselves in the history of the American South in the period before the South began to become self-consciously and distinctively "Southern"—the decades after 1815. Consequently, the cultural history of Britain’ s North American empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been written almost as if the Southern colonies had never existed. The American culture that emerged during the Colonial and Revolutionary eras has been depicted as having been simply an extension of New England Puritan culture. However, Professor Davis has recently argued that the South stood apart from the rest of American society during this early period, following its own unique pattern of cultural development. (47) The case for Southern distinctiveness rests upon two related premises: first, that the cultural similarities among the five Southern colonies were far more impressive than the differences, and second, that what made those colonies alike also made them different from the other colonies. The first, for which Davis offers an enormous amount of evidence, can be accepted without major reservations; the second is far more problematic.
What makes the second premise problematic is the use of the Puritan colonies as a basis for comparison. Quite properly, Davis decries the excessive influence ascribed by historians to the Puritans in the formation of American culture. Yet Davis inadvertently adds weight to such ascriptions by using the Puritans as the standard against which to assess the achievements and contributions of Southern colonials. (48) Throughout, Davis focuses on the important, and undeniable, differences between the Southern and Northern colonies in motives for and patterns of early settlement, in attitudes toward nature and Native Americans, and in the degree of receptivity to metropolitan cultural influences.
(49) However, recent scholarship has ply suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the p religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of America. Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan (Northern) colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern—acquisitiveness, a p interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models—was not only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. (50) Within the larger framework of American colonial life, then, not the Southern but the Northern colonies appear to have been distinctive, and even they seem to have been rapidly assimilating to the dominant cultural patterns by the last Colonial period.
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