问题 单项选择题

三、演绎推理:每题给出一段陈述,这段陈述被假设是正确的,不容置疑的。要求你根据这段陈述,选择一个答案。注意:正确的答案应与所给的陈述相符合,不需要任何附加说明即可以从陈述中直接推出。
请开始答题:


对交通事故研究表明,酒后驾车情况下,事故率随之提高。很多新手司机怀着侥幸心理,酒后情况下驾驶汽车。因此,毫无疑问,事故率上升是由新手驾驶车辆不熟练造成的。
下列哪一情况能够对上述观点做出最有力的反驳( )

A.酒后驾车以老司机居多
B.近年交通事故在不断攀升
C.新手司机的驾驶技术提高很快
D.酒后驾车使老司机事故率增高

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 首先分析题干论证过程:
“酒后驾车,事故率上升”且“很多新手酒后驾车”推出结论“酒后驾车事故率上升是新手不熟练所致”,反驳时,只要证明“酒后驾车事故率上升不是新手不熟练所致即可”,D项老司机酒后驾车事故率也上升,和新手相比,二者有共同点:都是酒后,且事故率上升;有不同点:一方熟练,一方不熟练。运用去异求同法,查找事故率上升的原因,只能是“酒后”,所以反驳了题干“不熟练”的说法。
比较容易出错的是选择A项。A项试图说明的是酒后驾车的大多数是老司机,所以酒后驾车事故率上升的原因不能归咎于新手。这个反驳本身没有错误。但没有抓住本题要反驳的对象。本题题干给出的论点是“酒后驾车事故率上升是新手不熟练所致”,而不是“酒后驾车事故率上升是新手所致”。
故正确答案为D。

完形填空
I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs(突破). He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him          he thought he was able to be so much more          than the average person.
He responded that it all came from a(n)        with his mother that occurred when he was about 2. He had been trying to         milk from the fridge when he          the slippery(光滑的) bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor.
When his mother came in,          shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful          you have made! I have          seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been         . Would you like to get down and          in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”
Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵), a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer?” He chose the sponge.
His mother then said, “ You know, what we have here is a          experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two          hands. Let’s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can       .” The little boy learned that if he          the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful         !
This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t need to be         to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just          for learning something new, which is,         , what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn't       ,” we usually learn something          from it.
小题1:
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.how
小题2:
A.capableB.ableC.creativeD.original
小题3:
A.coincidenceB.experienceC.incidentD.conflict
小题4:
A.carryB.bringC.removeD.fetch
小题5:
A.fellB.lostC.escapedD.dropped
小题6:
A.rather thanB.instead of C.other thanD.in place of
小题7:
A.pictureB.massC.mapD.mess
小题8:
A.rarelyB.happilyC.frequentlyD.angrily
小题9:
A.gotB.sufferedC.done D.received
小题10:
A.jumpB.play C.enjoyD.lay
小题11:
A.failedB.successfulC.fantasticD.painful
小题12:
A.strongB.tinyC.thinD.weak
小题13:
A.get itB.put itC.try itD.make it
小题14:
A.controlled B.possessedC.occupiedD.grasped
小题15:
A.exampleB.teachingC.lessonD.instruction
小题16:
A.anxiousB.nervousC.fearfulD.afraid
小题17:
A.situationsB.opportunitiesC.occasionsD.turns
小题18:
A.after allB.above allC.first of allD.in all
小题19:
A.doB.finishC.goD.work
小题20:
A.worthyB.costlyC.valuableD.interesting
填空题