参考答案：

A. He read Darwin’s The Origin of Species and accepted the idea of survival of the fittest

B. He was also influenced by Spencer’s The First Principle, which led him to the belief that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of "nature".

C. The outside nature is shown as some mysterious supernatural force

D. Man proves impotent before Fate

E. Discuss in relation to his novels. In his works, man is shown inevitably hound by his own inherent nature and hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environment. (Tess, Jude the Obscure, etc. )