问题 问答题

简述存在主义教育。

答案

参考答案:(1) 存在主义教育是一种以存在主义哲学为基础的教育理论,20世纪中期流行于美国和西欧各国。
(2) 存在主义哲学的代表人物是德国的雅斯贝尔斯和海德格尔、法国的萨特及奥地利的布贝尔。二战后,德国教育人类学家博尔诺夫、美国教育家尼勒把存在主义应用于教育理论,形成了存在主义教育思想。
(3) 存在主义教育的基本观点:
①教育的本质和目的在于使学生实现“自我生成”;
②强调品格教育的重要性;
③提倡学生“自由选择”道德标准;
④主张个别教育的方法;
⑤师生之间应该建立信任的关系。
(4) 存在主义教育思想提出了不同于传统教育和实用主义教育的观点,其中有一些是具有积极意义的,曾对欧美国家的青年学生产生了很大影响。但是,由于其本身存在的消极因素,致使它在工作实践中的影响甚为有限,在20世纪70年代后逐渐衰落。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer

the hotels are full of holiday-makers and other tourists.

     Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page

two of the town's newspaper. The Beldon Post:

     FIRE AT SEABREEZE

     Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The

hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors: "Please don't smoke

cigarettes in bed." This was Beldon's first hotel fire for five years.

     The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one:

     ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE

     Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the

Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-maker said, "An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps

are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp." We

are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.

     What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at

the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went

to the hotel.

     Now what do you think of the rest of the "news"?

1. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this text?

A. Beldon and Canfield are both good places for tourists in summer.

B. A fire broke out night in Seabreeze Hotel last summer.

C. It was not easy to find out exact truth from newspapers.

D. Two newspapers gave reports on the same matter.

2. Which of the following are probably facts? 

a. The fire broke out in a bedroom at the hotel.

b. A cigarette started the fire.

c. An old lamp started the fire.

d. The fire broke out at night.

e. There has never been a fire in Canfield.

A. b and c

B. a and d

C. c and e

D. a and c

3. The Canfield Times used the headline like this in order to make its readers think ______.

A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire

B. hotels in Beldon don't often catch fire

C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel

D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe

4. The Canfield newspaper gave a report just the opposite to the Beldon Post by saying that ______.

A. the bedroom lamps were very old at the Seabreeze Hotel

B. the bedroom lights made funny noise when the fire took place

C. the firemen failed to save clothing, bedclothes and other things

D. such accidents never happened in Canfield for the past 5 years