When Dr. John W.Gofman, professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of "ecocide" in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following: A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar, the Netherlands, would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the atmosphere, could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 tons of this material in Western Europe, of which one table-spoonful of plutonium-239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties.
In 1972 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air, but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers’ Unions report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician, 40--70 percent had X-ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day. "We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker," states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.
It is now also clear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made, causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the "Watergate cover-up." "There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities," summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the "safe limit" imposed by Dow Chemical Company. (422 words)
Notes: plutonium 钚。asbestos 石棉。polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯。
It can be inferred from the text that the author believes that（）
A. nationwide application of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer
B. tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals
C. more research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made
D. industrialization must be slowed down to prevent further spread of cancer-causing agents
参考答案：B
解析：
[注释] 推理判断题。从本文可以推理，作者同意下面哪一看法[A]“全国采用反污染装置才能最后防止癌症”过于偏激，实际上做不到。[C]“更多研究癌症的原因才能取得进一步的进展”，只是研究致癌原因而不采取措施，于事无补。[D]“必须使工业化减速以防止致癌物的扩散”属极端做法。[B]“建立更严厉的法律来限制工人接触有害化学物质”可从文中推断出，因为第3段后半段写道：“由于医学科学家和管理当局重视不够，许多工人在高浓度氯乙烯的环境中工作，健康和生命受到威胁。”而现行的各种限制标准比道尔公司规定的“安全极限”都高。所以，可以推理，作者认为，需要更严格的法规来降低工人接触有害化学物质的量。故应选[B]。
注意：the official maximum permissible body burden公认的体内最大承受量。biodegradable不能起生物递降分解作用的。
