问题 问答题

结合实际,谈一谈对教育行动研究的认识。

答案

参考答案:教育行动研究是指通过研究真实的学校教育过程与情境,以提高自己的教育行动质量与教育行动效率为目的的研究模式。它一方面旨在提高教育实践者自身的专业判断能力与教育问题的洞察力;另一方面也为优化教学实践提供具体策略。
(1)教育行动研究具有以下特点:
①为教育行动而研究(research for education action)。这是行动研究的目的,是与传统研究“为理论建构而研究”的研究目的相对应的。为教育行动,主要体现在三个方面:为解决教育行动中的实际问题;为提高教育行动的效率;为提高教师的教育行动能力与素养。
②对教育行动的研究(research of education action)。这是教育行动研究的对象,教师是教育行动的当事人,因此,以教育行动为研究对象是指:教师要反思的思想与行动预设;教师要分析自己行动的动机与原因;教师审视自己的教学过程。
③在教育行动中研究(research in education action)。这是教育行动研究的情境,一方面,要求研究与研究关注研究情境的特殊性;另一方面,证明行动的过程,就是努力提高行动效率,改善行动质量,提高自我行动能力的过程。
(2)教育行动研究的优点:
①适应性和灵活性。行动研究简便易行,较适合于没有接受过严格教育测量和教育实验训练的中小学教师采用。行动研究容许边行动边调整方案,不断修改,经过实际诊断,增加或取消子目标。实验条件的控制比较松缓,注重实际的教育环境,较有利于在教育这样复杂的研究现象和领域内进行。
②评价的持续性和反馈的及时性。行动研究强调评价的持续性即诊断性评价、形成性评价、总结性评价贯穿整个研究过程。反馈的及时性从两个方面看:一是及时反馈总结,使教育实践与科学研究处于一动态结合与反馈中;二是一旦发现较为肯定的结果,便立即反馈到教育实践中去。
③较强的实践性与参与性。教育研究与教育实践紧密联系。教育研究紧紧围绕着学校的实际问题进行分析、研究和行动。参与性体现在典型的行动研究中,研究人员由专职研究人员、行政领导和第一线教师联合构成,研究人员直接或间接参与方案的实施。
④多种研究方法的综合使用。在较成功的行动研究中,可汇集多种研究方法的作用。理想的行动研究法应是多种科学研究方法的灵活和合理的并用。
(3)教育行动研究的缺点:由于其非正规性而缺少科学的严密性,在实际研究中,不可能严密控制条件,其结果的准确性、可靠性不够。

单项选择题

Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’ s not how it used to be. To the men and women who (1) in World War I1 and the people they liberated, the GI. was the (2) man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who (3) all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the (4) of 1hod and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a vohmteer soldier, not someone well paid, (5) an average guy, up (6) the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.

His name is not much. GI. is just a military abbreviation (7) Govermnent Issue, and it was on all of the article (8) to soldiers. And Joe A common name for a guy who never (9) it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrae... a working class name.The United States has (10) had a president or vieepresident or secretary of state Joe.

GI. Joe had a (11) career fighting Geman, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a (12) of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GL Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle (13) portrayde themselves in the fihn. Pyle was famous for covering the (14) side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were (15) or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports (16) the "willie" cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men (17) the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18) of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19) Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, (20) the most important person in their lives.

(8)()

A.handed out

B.turn over

C.brought back

D.passed down

单项选择题