问题 改错题

阅读下列材料,回答问题:(15分)

材料一: 昔武王克商……其兄弟之国者十有五人,姬姓之国者四十人。     ──《左传》

周公……兼制天下,立七十一国,姬姓独居五十三人。            ──《荀子·儒效》

材料二:废除土地国有制,国家承认私人的土地所有权。凡是努力从事农耕,生产粮食和布帛多的,免除徭役,作为奖励。禁止弃农经商。凡是在战场上杀敌立功的人,赏给爵位或官职。全国设31县,由国君直接委派官吏去治理。公布法律,实行连坐法。

材料三:秦王扫六合,虎视何雄哉!挥剑决浮云,诸侯尽西来。   ——李白《古风》诗

材料四:

材料五:秦朝行政系统示意图

⑴  根据材料一,西周实行怎样的政治制度?西周实行这一制度的目的是什么?举出受封者必须承担的义务。(4分)

⑵据材料二,商鞅变法的主要内容中,除改革土地制度、奖励军功、严明法令之外,还有哪项对后世影响深远的措施?(2分)

(3)材料三中李白所盛赞的“秦王”是谁?“扫六合”有何历史意义?(2分)

(4)依据材料四两幅图片所示,秦朝为巩固统一采取的两项重要措施是什么?(2分)

⑸依据材料五所示信息,简述秦朝行政系统的基本特点及历史影响。(2分)

⑹“汉承秦制”,汉武帝采取了哪些措施使汉朝出现了大一统局面?(至少三点)(3分)

答案

(1)分封制(1分);目的:为了巩固统治(1分) ;义务:诸侯必须服从周天子的命令,向天子交纳贡品,平时镇守疆土,战时带兵随从天子作战。(2分)

(2)重农抑商(1分)推行县制(1分)

(3)秦始皇(嬴政)(1分)。意义:结束了长期以来分立混战局面,实现了国家的统一;有利于人民安居乐业和社会经济文化交流与发展。(1分)

(4)统一文字。(1分)统一货币。

(5)特点:中央集权;(1分)影响:加强了封建统治;巩固了国家统一;为后世历代统治者所沿用。(答出一点即可)(1分)

(6)措施:(答对任意一点可得1分,共3分)

①政治上:颁布“推恩令”实行削藩,加强中央集权;

②经济上:将地方的铸币和盐铁经营权收归中央,实现经济上的大一统;

③军事上:大力反击匈奴,进一步发展和巩固了国家的统一;

④思想上:“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,以儒家思想作为封建正统思想;

⑤民族关系上(外交上):两次派遣张骞出使西域。

⑥文化上:举办太学,推行儒学教育

题目分析:本题考察学生对中国古代的政治制度和改革的认识,解题思路如下:

(1)根据材料一的出处“左传”和“其兄弟之国者十有五人,姬姓之国者四十人”的信息,根据所学知识,判断这是西周的分封制,分封的目的是为了巩固西周统治,诸侯对周王承担的义务有,诸侯必须服从周天子的命令,向天子交纳贡品,平时镇守疆土,战时带兵随从天子作战。

(2)根据材料二和所学知识,商鞅变法中,除了改革土地制度、奖励军功、严明法令之外,还有重农抑商政策好建立县制对后世影响较大。

(3)根据所学知识,材料三中的秦王指秦始皇,秦王扫六合的意义是统一了中国,结束了长期的分裂割据局面,有利于人民生活的安定和社会的发展。

(4)根据材料四的两幅图片提供的信息,第一副是统一文字,第二幅是统一了货币,

(5)材料五是秦朝行政示意图,体现的主要特点是专制主义中央集权,历史影响是巩固了秦王朝的统一,有利于国家的统一,社会的发展,对后世的影响也比较大。

(6)根据所学知识,汉武帝政治,经济,文化,军事,民族关系都采取了一系列措施,使西汉出现了大一统的局面,学生答出具体措施即可。

点评:本题难度较小,考察学生对历史知识的识记能力,分封制,郡县制,专制主义中央集权的政治制度和行省制度是我国古代重要的政治制度,这些制度在一定的历史时期内对我国政治,经济,文化的发展都起过重要的推动作用,尤其是郡县制和专制主义中央集权制度对我国后世产生了重要影响,今天的省制和县制就是沿用中国古代的制度而来,同学们要细心把握和理解。

单项选择题
阅读理解

People are talking about the “new economy.” It’s very different from the “old economy”.

In the old economy, people travel to work. They buy things in stores. They use the post office, the fax and the telephone to send information. They see people face-to-face at their jobs or in stores. People get information from newspapers, radio, television, books and libraries.

In the new economy, people do business through the “net,” which is a connection of millions of computers everywhere in the world. In the new economy, workers often work at home. They can get information online. They can communicate with employers and co-workers by e-mail. Businesses have “virtual (虚拟)stores”. They are websites on which customers can see the products. Businesses can sell to customers anywhere in the world.

In the new economy, people live a fast paced, convenient and colorful life. The whole world develops more quickly than before. But the new economy is a double-edge sword. Its disadvantage is also obvious. For example, the Internet has led to a huge increase in credit card cheating. Some illegal websites offer some cheap or banned goods or services. Online shoppers who enter their credit card information may never receive the goods they want to buy and their card information could even be for sale in an illegal website. So people in the new economy should be smarter and knowledgeable.

小题1:The cause of the differences between the new economy and the old economy is ____.

A.the change of people’s idea

B.the business people do

C.the use of the Internet

D.the change of people’s life小题2:“But the new economy is a double-edge sword ” in the last passage means_____.

A.The new economy is as sharp as a sword

B.The new economy has advantages and disadvantages

C.The new economy is better than the old economy

D.Both the new economy and the old economy have disadvantages小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?

A.People can get all kinds of information on the Internet.

B.Telephone, radio, television, newspapers and so on will disappear in the new economy.

C.People in the new economy should have high quality.

D.Life in the new economy is more comfortable than the one in the old economy.