问题 问答题

简述国家干预国际贸易的方式和内容。

答案

参考答案:(1)关税壁垒措施。关税种类按征税对象分,一般可分为以下几种:
①进口税。
②出口税。
③过境税。
④附加税。
⑤特惠关税。
⑥普遍优惠制。
(2)非关税壁垒措施。
①进口配额制。
②“自动”出口配额制,又称为“自动”限制出口。
③进口许可证制。
④外汇管制。
⑤进口和出口的国家垄断。
⑥歧视性的政府采购政策。
⑦各种国内税。
⑧最低限价和禁止进口。
⑨进口押金制度。
⑩海关估价制度。
(11)复杂的海关手续和规定进口通道。
(12)严格的技术安全、卫生检疫和商品包装、标签的规定。
(3)鼓励出口的措施。
①出口信贷。
②出口信贷国家担保制。
③出口贴补。
④商品倾销。
⑤外汇倾销。
⑥促进出口的组织措施。
⑦其他措施:外汇分红;出口奖励证制;复汇率制。

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
阅读理解

     Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist… Robert Hooke was all there and more.

Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he

cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.

     Hooke's early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster

School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best

scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing

instruments. In 1662, at he age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal

Society of London- meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating(展示) new experiments at the

society's weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money

to pay him!

     Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes(消遣). He invented a

compound microscope(显微镜) for this purpose. One day while observing a cork(软木塞) under a

microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells -the smallest units of life. In fact, it was

Hooke who invented the term "cell" as the boxlike cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a

monastery(修道院).

     Another achievement of Hooke's was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous

potential(潜力) of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the

microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion(燃烧)

that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these

phenomena(现象).

     Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too. A crater(火山口) on the moon is named after

him in honour of his services to this branch of science.           

1. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Hooke is ____________.

A. friendly      

B. sociable      

C. creative      

D. helpful

2. Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments?

A. He liked designing experiments.

B. His family needed his support.

C. He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.

D. His parents couldn't afford his education.

3. The cell got its name because of __________.

A. its use      

B. its shape    

C. Hooke's favourites    

D. Hooke's experiences

4. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Hooke went to Oxford in 1645.

B. Hooke was well paid in the Royal Society of London.

C. Hooke made a contribution to medicine.

D. Hooke's book Micrographia may have helped Newton.

5. The last paragraph is to prove that _____________.

A. Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century

B. Hooke was good at making discoveries

C. Hooke's contributions were not limited to one field

D. Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers