问题 问答题

二、病例分析
[病例摘要]男性,65岁,间断尿频、尿急、尿痛、腰痛和发热32年,再发加重2天。
32年前因骑跨伤后“下尿路狭窄”,间断发作尿频、尿急、尿痛,有时伴腰痛、发热,经抗炎和对症治疗后好转,平均每年发作1~2次。入院前2天无明显诱因发热达38~39℃,无寒战,伴腰痛、尿频、尿急、尿痛,无肉眼血尿,无浮肿,自服氟哌酸无效,为进一步诊治入院。发病来饮食可,大便正常,睡眠好,体重无明显变化。既往47年前患“十二指肠溃疡”,经治疗已愈,无结核病密切接触史,无药物过敏史。
查体:T 38.9℃,P 120次/分,R 20次/分,Bp 120/80mmHg,急性热病容,无皮疹,浅表淋巴结未触及,巩膜无黄染,眼睑不肿,心肺无异常,腹平软,下腹部轻压痛,无肌紧张和反跳痛,肝脾未触及.双肾区叩痛(+),双下肢不肿。
化验:血 Hb 132 g/L,WBC 28.9×109/L,中性分叶86%,杆状5%,淋巴9%,尿蛋白(+),WBC多数/高倍,可见脓球和白细胞管型,RBC 5~10/高倍。

答案

参考答案:诊断及诊断依据
(1)诊断:慢性肾盂肾炎急性发作
(2)诊断依据
①反复发作的尿路刺激症状,伴腰痛、发热,病程迁延。本次发病急剧,有下尿路引流不畅因素
②下腹部轻压痛,双肾区叩痛(+)
③血WBC数和中性粒细胞比例均增高,尿蛋白(+),尿WBC多数,可见脓球和WBC管型
(二)鉴别诊断
(1)下尿路感染
(2)肾、尿路结核
(3) * * 综合征
(4)慢性肾小球肾炎
(三)进一步检查
(1)泌尿系影像学检查(IVP),B超
(2)肾功能(BUN,Scr,尿浓缩试验,尿渗透压,血尿β2-MG)
(3)血培养、尿培养、尿细菌菌落计数+药敏试验
(四)治疗原则
(1)抗感染治疗:合理有效抗生素
(2)去除诱因,防止复发

单项选择题

Passage Three

A chain of shops in East Yorkshire, England has been told that it would be a criminal offence to sell thousands of tubes of toothpaste made by a leading French manufacturer simply because the small print giving the firm importing it does not include the letters "UK". Under cosmetics regulations implementing 25 separate European Union instructions, unless the address is London, which is "a major city", the letters UK must be added. The suppliers response, when Gordon Rodgers’s A2Z chain asked them to take back the toothpaste, was that this would pose no problem, because trading standards officials elsewhere in Britain do not bother about such fault-finding to a very minute detail.
A2Z, which sells a range of more than 10 000 household items from its 14 discount stores in Hull and East Yorkshire, first stumbled into these mysterious requirements of cosmetic labelling when summoned by East Yorkshire trading standards officials on a criminal charge of selling tubes of the same brand of toothpaste, Mentadent, designed for the South African market. These carried the name of a German distributor but no UK supplier. The council had no complaint about the toothpaste itself.
It is common and legal practice for supermarkets and discount stores to buy up a wide range of branded products packaged by leading European and American manufacturers for non-EU markets. These can then be sold at prices lower than those recommended for identical products in Europe, which are only more expensive because EU consumers can supposedly afford to pay more.
Council officials were quick to point out that they support the contribution this gray economy makes to "healthy competition". The only problem was that importers’ details must be given by the regulation formula. For a major city such as London only a postcode is necessary, but for other cities and towns the letters UK must be added.
When A2Z asked how it was expected to examine the small print on the labelling of each of 10 000 products it carries, East Yorkshire replied that it was up to the firm to improve the quality of their inspection procedures. A2Z then supplied the council three weeks running with examples of similar products carrying "illegal labelling", bought from major supermarkets in the same area, asking why these large firms were not also prosecuted. The council said it "did not have the resources" to chase up every case of illegality, to which Mr. Rodgers responded that he "did not have the resources" to improve the quality of their inspection procedures, which the council was asking of him. Last week his firm’s case was adjourned.

What can EU regulations cause

A.Additional costs.

B.Cheaper products.

C.Availability of a wider range of products.

D.Restrictions on supply.

单项选择题