问题 填空题

(15分).钛白粉(主要成分是TiO2),广泛用于油漆、塑料、造纸等行业,还可用作乙醇脱水、脱氢的催化剂。工业上常以钛矿石(主要成分为FeTiO3(钛酸亚铁),并含FeO、A12O3、 SiO2等杂质)为主要原料经过以下流程制得TiO2,并获得副产品FeSO4·7H2O.

请回答下列问题:

(l)步骤I的目的是            

(2)写出步骤Ⅱ中FeTiO3与H2SO4反应的化学方程式                

(3)步骤II中经过            、过滤、洗涤等操作可以得到FeSO4·7H2O.晶体,还可以利用酸化的FeSO4溶液与软锰矿(主要成分为MnO2)反应生产硫酸锰(MnSO4,易溶于水).该反应的离子方程式为                

(4)请结合化学用语用化学平衡理论解释步骤III中将TiOSO4转化为H2TiO3的原理:        

(5)为测定步骤II后溶液中TiOSO4的含量,首先取待测钛液10 mL加水稀释至100 mL,再加过量铝粉,充分振荡,使其完全反应:3TiO2+Al+6H=3Ti3+Al3+3H2O。过滤后,取出滤液20.00 mL,以KSCN溶液为指示剂,用0.1000 mol·L-1 NH4Fe(SO4)2溶液滴定至终点,再重复2次,测得平均值为30.00mL。

①该滴定达到终点时的现象          

②待测钛液中TiOSO4的物质的量浓度是                

答案

(1)除去Al2O3和SiO2  (2)FeTiO3+2H2SO4=TiOSO4+FeSO4+2H2

(3) 蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶   MnO2 + 2Fe2+ + 4H+ ="=" Mn2+ + 2Fe3+ + 2H2O

(4)溶液中存在平衡:TiO2++2H2OH2TiO3+2H+,当加入热水稀释、升温后,平衡正向移动,生成H2TiO3

(5)当滴入最后一滴NH4Fe(SO4)2溶液时,溶液变为血红色且半分钟内不褪色,则说明达到终点,1.50mol/L

题目分析:(l)在钛矿石中含有的Al2O3和SiO2能够与NaOH发生反应变为容易溶于水的物质。因此步骤I的目的是除去Al2O3和SiO2。(2)步骤Ⅱ中FeTiO3与H2SO4反应的化学方程式是FeTiO3+2H2SO4=TiOSO4+FeSO4+2H2O;(3)由于FeSO4的溶解度受温度的影响变化较大,所以从溶液中获得晶体的操作步骤II中经过蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶、过滤、洗涤等操作可以得到FeSO4·7H2O.晶体。Fe2+有还原性,MnO2有氧化性,在酸性条件下发生氧化还原反应。该反应的两种方程式是MnO2 + 2Fe2+ + 4H+ =Mn2+ + 2Fe3+ + 2H2O;(4) 在溶液中存在水解平衡:TiO2++2H2OH2TiO3+2H+,水解反应是吸热反应。当加入热水升高温度后,促进盐的水解,水解平衡正向移动,会生成更多的H2TiO3,从而促使物质的转化。(5)①在原来的溶液中含有Fe3+,以以KSCN溶液为指示剂,此时溶液是红色,其中存在平衡:Fe3++3SCN- Fe(SCN)3.随着铝粉的不断加入,c(Fe3+)不断降低,平衡逆向移动,红色逐渐变浅,当滴入最后一滴NH4Fe(SO4)2溶液时,溶液变为血红色且半分钟内不褪色,则说明达到终点;②根据电子转移数目相等可得关系式:3TiO2~Al~3Fe3+.n(Fe3+)="0.1mol/L×0.03L×5=0.015mol." n(TiO2)=" 0.015mol," 所以待测钛液中TiOSO4的物质的量浓度是c(TiO2)= 0.015mol÷0.01L=1.50mol/L.

单项选择题

The sun rose upon a tranquil world, and beamed down upon the peaceful village like a benediction. Breakfast over, Aunt Polly had family worship: It began with a prayer built from the ground up of solid courses of Scriptural quotations, welded together with a thin mortar of originality; and from the summit of this she delivered a grim chapter of the Mosaic Law, as from Sinai.
Then Tom girded up his loins, so to speak, and went to work to "get his verses." Sid had learned his lesson days before. Tom bent all his energies to the memorizing of five verses, and he chose part of the Sermon on the Mount, because he could find no verses that were shorter. At the end of half an hour Tom had a vague general idea of his lesson, but no more, for his mind was traversing the whole field of human thought, and his hands were busy with distracting recreations. Mary took his book to hear him recite, and he tried to find his way through the fog:
"Blessed are the—a—a—"
"Poor"—"Yes—poor; blessed are the poor—a—a—"
"In spirit—"
"In spirit; blessed are the poor in spirit, for they—they—"
"THEIRS—"
"For THEIRS. Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they that mourn, for they—they—"
"Sh—"
"For they—a—"
"S, H, A—"
"For they S, H—Oh, I don’t know what it is!"
"SHALL!"
"Oh, SHALL! for they shall—for they shall—a—a—shall mourn—a—a—blessed are they that shall—they that—a—they that shall mourn, for they shall—a—shall WHAT Why don’t you tell me, Mary—what do you want to be so mean for"
"Oh, Tom, you poor thick-headed thing, I’m not teasing you. I wouldn’t do that. You must go and learn it again. Don’t you be discouraged, Tom, you’ll manage it—and if you do, I’ll give you something ever so nice. There, now, that’s a good boy. "
"All right! What is it, Mary, tell me what it is. "
"Never you mind, Tom. You know if I say it’s nice, it is nice."
"You bet you that’s so, Mary. All right, I’ll tackle it again."
And he did "tackle it again"—and under the double pressure of curiosity and prospective gain he did it with such spirit that he accomplished a shining success. Mary gave him a brand-new "Barlow" knife worth twelve and a half cents; and the convulsion of delight that swept his system shook him to his foundations. True, the knife would not cut anything, but it was a "sure-enough" Barlow, and there was inconceivable grandeur in that—though where the Western boys ever got the idea that such a weapon could possibly be counterfeited to its injury is an imposing mystery and will always remain so, perhaps. Tom contrived to scarify the cupboard with it, and was arranging to begin on the bureau, when he was called off to dress for Sunday-school.

When Tom was reciting the verses, ______.

A.Mary discouraged him constantly

B.it was foggy outside

C.he couldn’t focus his attention all the time

D.he tried very hard to please the grownups

单项选择题