问题 问答题

2011年7月23日晚,北京至福州的D301次动车行驶至温州市双屿路段时,与杭州开往福州的D3115次动车追尾,事故造成40人死亡,约200人受伤.事故原因初步查明是D3115次动车遭到雷击后失去动力而停车,而温州南的信号系统发生故障未检测到有车停在路轨导致指示灯错误显示绿色,造成D301动车追尾.目前我国动车组列车常使用自动闭塞法行车.自动闭塞是通过信号机将行车区间划分为若干个闭塞分区,每个闭塞分区的首端设有信号灯,当闭塞分区有车辆占用或钢轨折断时信号灯显示红色(停车),后一个闭塞分区显示黄色(制动减速),其它闭塞分区显示绿色(正常运行).假设动车制动时所受阻力为重力的0.1倍,动车司机可视距离为450m,不考虑反应时间.(g=10m/s2

(1)如果有车停在路轨而信号系统发生故障,司机看到停在路轨上的车才刹车,要使动车不发生追尾,则动车运行速度不得超过多少?

(2)如果动车设计运行速度为252km/h,求:

①动车的制动距离;

②正常情况下,要使动车不发生追尾,每个闭塞分区至少多长.

答案

(1)动车紧急制动时,由牛顿第二定律得:加速度大小为a=

0.1mg
m
=0.1g=1m/s2

如果信号故障,要使动车不发生追尾,则动车制动距离不得大于可视距离

由运动学公式v1=

2as1

代入数据得v1=30m/s=108km/h

即动车运行速度不得超过108km/h.

(2)①当运行速度为v2=252km/h=70m/s时,

制动距离s2=

v22
2a

代入数据得s2=2450m

②信号正常,当司机看到黄灯开始制动,到红灯处停车.每个闭塞分区的最小长度为s2-s0=2450m-450m=2000m.

答:(1)动车运行速度不得超过108km/h.

(2)①动车的制动距离为2450m;

②正常情况下,要使动车不发生追尾,每个闭塞分区至少2000m长.

判断题
完形填空
完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)
阅读下列短文,从短文后所给各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
One day a wealthy family went on a trip to the countryside. The father wanted to   36   his son how   37   people live,   38   they spent a day and a night in the farm of a very poor   39  .When they got back from their trip the father asked his son, “My dear son, how was the   40  ?” “very   41   , Dad!” answered the boy. “Did you see how poor people live?” the father asked. “Yeah!” answered the son. “And what did you learn?” asked the father. The son answered, “I saw that we have a dog at home, and they have four. We have a   42    that reaches to the middle of the garden and they have a stream that has no   43    . We have imported lamps(进口灯具) in the garden and they have the   44   . Our patio(天井) reaches to the front yard,   45   they have a whole horizon(旷野).” When the little boy was   46  , his father was speechless.
His son   47  , “Thanks Dad   48  showing me how   49  we are!” Isn’t it true that it all depends   50   the   51  you look at things? If you have love, friends, humor and a positive attitude(乐观的态度)   52  life you’ve got everything! You can’t buy   53  of these things,    54  still you can have all the material possessions(财富) you can imagine, provisions(储备) for the future, etc. But if you are poor of spirit, you have nothing! Attitude is   55 ! Make a decision to have a good, positive and productive attitude every day!
小题1:
A.showB.giveC.sendD.tell
小题2:
A.happyB.sorrowC.richD.poor
小题3:
A.thusB.soC.thereforeD.when
小题4:
A.houseB.homeC.familyD.room
小题5:
A.journeyB.tripC.stayD.travel
小题6:
A.badB.goodC.wellD.badly
小题7:
A.riverB.lakeC.canal(运河/沟渠)D.pool
小题8:
A.endlessB.endingC.endD.ended
小题9:
A.sunB.starsC.planetD.electricity light
小题10:
A.yetB.howeverC.soD.though
小题11:
A.finishedB.finishingC.completedD.completing
小题12:
A.addingB.addedC.sayingD.said
小题13:
A.forB.ofC.withD.about
小题14:
A.poorB.richC.gladD.happy
小题15:
A.inB.onC.forD.about
小题16:
A.methodB.mannersC.wayD.means
小题17:
A.of B.forC.towardsD.at
小题18:
A.nothingB.anyC.someD.everything
小题19:
A.thenB.butC.thoughD.so
小题20:
A.anything B.nothingC.everything D.something