问题 改错题

阅读材料,结合所学知识,回答下列问题。

材料一 于是封功臣谋士,而师尚父(姜尚,即姜子牙)为首封,封尚父于营丘,日齐。封弟周公旦于曲阜,日鲁。……封弟叔所于管,弟叔度于蔡。余各以次受封。

——《史记·周本纪》

材料二 在行政体制上,(秦始皇)废除地方分权的封建制……在地方建立直属于中央的郡、县两级行政区划。起先把全国分为三十六郡,以后又增至四十余郡。地方的长官都由皇帝任免,必须绝对服从皇帝的命令。

——樊树志《国史十六讲》

材料三  17世纪初,德川家族开始统治日本。天皇大权旁落,实际权力掌握在德川幕府 * * 手里。 * * 管理着全国四分之一以上的土地和许多重要城市,全国其他地区分成大大小小两百多个“藩”,藩的首领大名(即诸侯)享有藩的世袭统治权,但他必须听命于 * * 。

1871年,明治政府废除全国的藩国,把全国划成3府72县,由中央政府派官员直接进行管理,大名得到优厚的补偿,迁到东京居住。

——选摘自人教版高中历史选修1《历史上重大改革回眸》

请回答:

(1)材料一反映出西周实行什么政治制度?(1分)指出受封的主要对象。(1分)材料二中,秦始皇在地方上推行什么制度?(1分)

(2)材料三中,为改变幕府统治下日本的封建割据状态,明治政府在地方上推行什么措施?(1分)与秦始皇的措施相比,有哪些相似之处?(1分)这些措施起到了什么相同的作用?(1分)

答案

(1)分封制,王族(分封的主体)和功臣,郡县制。

(2)废藩置县,废除地方分权体制,划分行政区域,由中央派官员直接管理地方,加强了中央集权。

题目分析:本题考查学生对专制主义中央集权制和日本明治维新的认识,根据所学知识解答如下:

(1)阅读材料一,根据“封功臣谋士和封弟周公旦于曲阜,日鲁。……封弟叔所于管,弟叔度于蔡。余各以次受封”得出,西周建立后实行了分封制度,根据材料信息得出西周分封的主要对象有王族,功臣,从材料二中的“(秦始皇)废除地方分权的封建制……在地方建立直属于中央的郡、县两级行政区划”得出秦朝实行了郡县制。

(2)阅读材料三,根据“1871年,明治政府废除全国的藩国,把全国划成3府72县,”得出日本明治维新中实行了废藩置县政策,与秦始皇的政策相比相同的地方有,两者都实行了中央集权,废除了地方的分权体制,把权力牢牢掌握在中央手中,同时都派官吏自己而管理地方,这些措施起到的共同作用是加强了中央集权,防止了地方割据势力对中央造成的威胁。

点评:本题难度较小,考察学生对历史知识的识记能力,分封制,郡县制,专制主义中央集权的政治制度和行省制度是我国古代重要的政治制度,这些制度在一定的历史时期内对我国政治,经济,文化的发展都起过重要的推动作用,尤其是郡县制和专制主义中央集权制度对我国后世产生了重要影响,今天的省制和县制就是沿用中国古代的制度而来,日本的明治维新给我们今天的社会主义建设有很大的启示,同学们要细心把握和理解。

完形填空
We should show respect to everybody, especially our elders because they are ahead of us — in age, in wisdom and maturity, in experience and education. Our   36  have done a lot for us, directly or indirectly and most of us   37  everything to their kindness and love.
When we   38  them respect, whether it is by bowing to them, or   39   them with a smile, or offering them any help they need, it is one way of   40  our own love and gratitude to them.   41 , elders have also been through all the years you are   42  and know a little more about the world than you do.
It is   43  that you do not agree with the belief of your elders, but this is nothing new. All younger generations have always   44  with their elders and it is these differences that bring changes in human   45 . However much you disagree with them, give them credit for their   46 .
With changing times and   47  influences, youngsters no longer know what is interpreted as disrespect to elders. Youngsters should   48  express their views and if there are arguments, they should not   49  their voices.
If there is no space on sofas or chairs, children will immediately   50  their places, and sit on the carpet. In buses and trains, youngsters are   51  to give up their places to older people. This is not a   52  of who has more rights. It is simply that those who are younger have the strength to bear   53 , or tolerate unpleasantness, so it is natural to show consideration to those who are older and perhaps at a   54  disadvantage.
When you do simple things as a mark of respect, elders become   55  that youngsters care for them, and they respond with affection and kindness.
小题1:
A.youngstersB.elders C.parentsD.juniors
小题2:
A.devoteB.oweC.payD.contribute
小题3:
A.showB.explainC.exhibit D.point
小题4:
A.greetingB.receivingC.declaringD.showing
小题5:
A.expressingB.describingC.sendingD.suggesting
小题6:
A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Though
小题7:
A.experiencing withB.going through
C.suffering fromD.worrying out
小题8:
A.maybeB.likelyC.possibleD.probably
小题9:
A.quarreledB.dealtC.livedD.disagreed
小题10:
A.communityB.organizationC.societyD.public
小题11:
A.experienceB.realityC.emotionD. information
小题12:
A.culturalB.specialC.environmentalD.position
小题13:
A.quietlyB.slightlyC.silentlyD.coldly
小题14:
A.riseB.raiseC.supportD.force
小题15:
A.give awayB.get rid ofC.give upD.send out
小题16:
A.expectedB.forced C.needed D.reminded
小题17:
A.doubtB.questionC.wonderD.challenge
小题18:
A.sufferingB.upsetC.trouble D.discomfort
小题19:
A.seriousB.lightC.heavyD.slight
小题20:
A.awareB.aliveC.knowingD.sensible
单项选择题