问题 问答题

请阅读下面酸碱中和滴定案例片段,回答下列问题

教师活动 学生活动
课堂
引入
[引入]人们常用离子的特征反应来检验一些常见离子,例
如:可以利用Fe3+与SCN-反应生成血红色溶液这一性质来
检验Fe3+。像这样只检验种类,不测定含量的分析方法,化
学上称为定性分析。
有时,我们还需要测定某些物质或元素的含量,这就需要用
到另一种分析方法——定量分析。今天,我们来学习一种
重要的定量分析方法——酸碱中和滴定。
概念及
原理
介绍
[板书]酸碱中和滴定
1.定义:用已知物质的量浓度的酸(或碱)来测定未知物质
的量浓度的碱(或酸)的方法。
2.原理:酸碱中和反应实质 (a) (用离子方程式表示)
则:n(H+)=n(OH-)
即:c(H+)×V(H+)=c(OH-)×V(OH-)
听讲、记好笔记
认识滴
定管和
指示剂
[过渡]酸碱中和滴定在理论上是简单清晰的。但在具体的
实践操作中,还有两个关键需要克服。A.准确测定参加反应
的两种溶液的体积:B.准确判断中和反应恰好进行完全(找
到完全中和点)。下面就一起学习如何解决理论到实践中
出现的问题。
[讲评]解决办法
A.准确测定参加反应的两种溶液的体积:使用滴定管(展示
滴定管,放在滴定管夹上)
[互动1]请大家观察自己桌上的滴定管,并试着说明它的结
构特点。
[讲解]
酸式滴定管:盛放酸性溶液,不能盛放碱性溶液。
(因为 (b) )
碱式滴定管:盛放碱性溶液,不能盛放酸性溶液和强氧化性
溶液。(因为橡皮管容易被腐蚀,结构决定适用范围)
[互动2]为什么酸碱中和滴定中测定溶液的体积不用已有
的量筒,而选用滴定管
(评讲中可与量筒对比说明,并演示滴定管用于精确的测量
放出的液体的体积。)
B.准确判断中和反应恰好进行完全——选用合适指示剂。
(指导阅读材料)
[互动1]学生观察讨论,举手发言,并最
后总结:
1)内径均匀、带有刻度的细长玻璃管:
0刻度在上、从上往下分布刻度、最大量
程下端有一段无刻度。
2)滴定管上标有参数——温度、最大量
程。
3)下端有控制液流的活塞(一种是普通
玻璃活塞、另一种是橡皮管和玻璃球组
合的阀)
[互动2]精确度更高、能精确到 (c) ;便
于控制液流。
[互动3]学生阅读后总结:
1)变色点尽量接近完全中和点时溶液的
pH;
2)变色要灵敏、明显;
3)……
认识滴
定管和
指示剂
[互动3]既然指示剂的选择直接关系到酸或碱的用量,因
此,必须是最合适的指示剂。如何选择指示剂呢
[板书]选择指示剂的原因:一般是 (d)
[说明]决不用石蕊(颜色不易辨别,且变色范围过大)
强酸——强碱:……
强酸——弱碱:……
弱酸——强碱:……
演示实
验操作
[过渡]下面以0.1000mol/L HCl溶液滴定NaOH溶液为例,
讲解中和滴定实验的操作步骤和注意事项。
学生听讲并留心观察

请简要分析该教学设计的优缺点。

答案

参考答案:

阅读理解

Anna Koumikova was born on June 7th, 1981 in Moscow. Her parents' names are Allah and Sergel. When she was 5 years old, her parents sold their TV to buy her the first tennis bat for Christmas. She played in a club near her place until aged 11. Then she moved to Bradenton, Florida(USA) to train with Nick Bollitierri. At 14, she represented Russia in a Fed Cup match and became the youngest player ever to win a Fed Cup match.

Kournikova made her WTA first show at 15 years old at the US Open where she finally lost against player Steffi Graf. But she made it to the double quarter finals that same match. In 1996, Kournikova won the Rookie of the Year award and the next year. She improved very much to even make it to the semi - finals in Wimbledon. She lost to world number one Martina Hingis at the French Open and at Wimbledon. In 1999 she won her professional title at Midland, Miehigon, an international Tennis Federation match. She was 5th favourite in Illinois the same year and won her 2nd career ITF match. She won her first grand slam(大满贯) title ill 1999 with Martina Hingis in doubles at the Australia Open. Since then, they have played regularly together and have quickly become one of the 'best pairs. Aim in 1999,she made her first career WTA final in key Biscayne against Venus Williams in a tough 3 set match. She alto won her first doubles tile with Monica Seles in Tokyo.

At present Kournikova is more successful on the net than at the net. She remains the "most searched" and "most download (网上下载)" on the internet, three times more popular than the NO. 2 sports figure, Michael Jordan. She is still very young and she seems to have a great future ahead !

小题1: Which of the following is right?

A.Kournikova beat Steffi Graf at the US Open when she was 15.

B.Kournikova won the Rookie of the Year award in 1999.

C.Koumikova is now more lucky at the net than on the Internet.

D.In 1997, Kournikova worked hard to make it to the semi - finals in Wimbledon.小题2: Kournikova won her first grand slam title in doubles at the Australia Open with              .

A.Steffi Graf

B.Venus Williams

C.Martina Hingis

D.Monica Seles小题3: From the text we can know Kournikova won her professional title in an ITF match          .

A.at Midland

B.in France

C.in Australia

D.at Biscayne小题4:What can we learn about Kournikova?

A.She has a lot of fans on the Internet.

B.Her parents gave her much support.

C.She beat Martina Hings in 1996.

D.She played tennis for her home country Russia.

填空题