问题 单项选择题

A conventional teacher’s licensee usually requires a university degree in education plus an unpaid term of practice teaching. This has never made much sense. It excludes bright students who take degrees in other subjects, and might teach those subjects; it is costly and time-consuming for career-switchers, who must wait a year or more before they can enter a classroom; it is so rigid that private-school teachers or university professors with years of experience have to jump through hoops before they can start teaching in a state school. And there is virtually no evidence that it creates better teachers. For all that, it is ply backed by schools of education, which have a monopoly of teacher-training, and by teachers’ unions, whose members make more money when it is artificially hard for others to get into the profession.

Now, some 45 states and the Districts of Columbia offer an "alternative route" to a teacher’s licensee, up from only a handful in the 1980s. Alternative certification (AC) generally allows individuals with a university degree to begin teaching immediately after passing an entrance examination. These recruits, watched over by a mentor teach the subject they studied at university, and take education courses at a sponsoring university while drawing their salaries.

The traditional sort of American teacher is likely to be young, white and female. Alternative certification attracts more men and more non-whites. In Texas, for instance, roughly 90% of public-school teachers are white, but 40% of those who have joined through alternative certification are non-whites. The AC route also draws teachers willing to go where they are most needed. A survey of Troops to Teachers, a program that turns exsoldiers into public-school teachers (" Proud to serve again"), found that 39% of those taking part are willing to teach in inner-city schools, and 68% in rural areas.

Are they good teachers Officialdom is reluctant to release the details which might answer that question for certain. But anecdotal evidence suggests they do well. In New Jersey, which has been running this sort of program since 1984, rich districts, which can afford to be choosy, consistently hire more AC teachers than poor districts do. In Houston, Texas, where the Teach of America program (TFA) puts recent university graduates into poor communities as teachers, the most effective teachers are generally the TFA ones. " School principals are our biggest fans," Wendy Kopp, TFA’s president, says proudly.

So why not scrap the cumbersome teacher-licensing laws Frederick Hess, a professor at the University of Virginia, has written a paper for the Progressive Policy Institute arguing that teacher-licensing ought to be stripped to the bare essentials. Prospective teachers should be required only to hold a college degree, pass a test of essential skills, and be checked to make sure they do not have a criminal background. Other training is important, argues Mr. Hess, but the market, not state legislators, should decide what that training looks like. This notion of "competitive certification" has drawn favorable attention from the Bush administration.

What has changed since the introduction of AC()

A. Schools now have more male than female teachers

B. Non-whites account for 40% of Texas’s school teachers

C. AC has turned a number of soldiers into teachers

D. The percentage of teachers willing to work in inner city has risen

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

[考核题型] 事实细节题

文章第三段集中讲述了AC实施后的一系列变化。主要是两点:第一,它吸引了更多的男性和非白人教师;第二,也培训出那些愿意到亟需师资的地区(包括内陆城市和乡村地区)教学的老师。用排除法解题。A项说现在学校的男教师比女教师多,男教师数量的增加只是相对于过去而言。B项说得克萨斯州的非白人教师占学校教师的40%,而原文说的是那些参加AC培训的人中有40%是黑人,得克萨斯州公立学校中白人教师的比例为90%,显然也不对。D项说愿意到内陆城市工作的教师比例增加了,原文只列出了由士兵转为教师的那些人愿意到乡村或内陆城市教学比例,没有涉及比例是否增加,因此也不对。剩下只能选择C项。选择的依据是文章最后一句话。

选择题
单项选择题

为开发我国西部旅游项目,拟在某山区建设-观光旅游区及架空索道。应地区建设方要求方案做设计。现况条件及要求如下:
Ⅰ电源、用电负荷。
1)拟利用现有的地区变电所供电。该变电所受电电压为10kV,馈电电压为10kV/380V/220V,1600kVA变压器已送电,二期将增建变压器。
2)附近乡镇居民用电约500kW。
3)地区气象站及邮电局通信用电容量约50kW,对电源质量要求很高。
Ⅱ旅游区除动力及照明负荷300kW外,还拟建设架空索道一座。
Ⅲ拟利用二手设备400kw直流电动机及晶闸管变流器作为架空索道卷扬机的电动机及调速传动系统。
Ⅳ一期工程建设中,索道卷扬传动需投入运行。

在利用现有直流电动机设计过程中,考虑到晶闸管变流器供电方式交流侧谐波等问题,建设单位要求设计单位对交、直流调速系统进行比较。与直流电动机比较,交流电动机系统的特点:

A.不受换相条件的限制,没有由于机械式换向器所带来的维修工程量大、事故率高的弊病
B.容量、电压、电流和转速的上限,不像直流电动机那样受限制
C.交流电动机体积小、重量轻、飞轮矩小、单机容量大、效率高
D.由于交流调整技术的突破和变频调整装置性能的完善,目前,交流调速系统的调速性能不但可与直流调速系统相匹敌,而且已超过直流调速系统
上述哪一项特点对投资影响最大(
)