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今年上半年,我国造船业完成1024万吨载重量,同比增长36%,约占同期全球造船总吨位的26%,我国已跨入世界造船大国行列。但与此同时,我国造船业大而不强。这是从昨天在沪举行的2008中国船舶工业发展国际高峰论坛上获悉的。
自2003年起,国际船舶市场进入长达5年的景气周期,我国造船业抓住机遇,取得了令世人瞩目的成就。全国造船完成载重量,从2002年的461万吨攀升至去年的1893万吨,我国造船吨位占全球的比重,从本世纪初的6%升至去年的23%。据预测,到2015年,我国造船业年完成载重量将占全球的35%,成为世界最主要的造船大国。目前,我国已完成了从按船东要求造船到主动向市场推出新船型的转变;主要客户群从小船东变为以世界著名大船东为主。我国造船企业已全面掌握油船、散货船、集装箱船三大主流船型的设计建造技术,并成功进入大型液化天然气船(LNG)、30万吨级浮式生产储油船(FPSO)、大型自升式钻井平台等高端市场。我国船舶产品复杂度系数已高于日本。我国外高桥、大连船舶重工、江南长兴等3家造船企业已迈入世界造船十强行列。目前,我国船舶出口已占造船总量的80%以上,船舶出口100多个国家和地区,成为世界排名前列的船舶出口大国。
然而,我国造船业也面临着巨大挑战。其中我国造船配套缺口依然很大,如50%的船用柴油机需要进口,船舶所需的通信、导航仪器设备绝大部分依赖发达国家。此外,随着全球范围内环保呼声越来越高,国际造船界已经或正制定造船的新标准、新规范,如共同结构规范(CSR)、涂层新标准、燃油舱双壳化等。对于这些新的技术壁垒,我国多数造船企业尚未引起足够的重视。经历了持续5年的景气周期后,全球船舶市场已开始步入调整期,而美国次贷危机、美元持续贬值、能源原材料涨价、劳动力成本上升、国内银根抽紧等,都对我国造船业造成了负面影响。

答案

参考答案:中国造船吨位占全球26% 已跨入世界造船大国行列

选择题
单项选择题

Deflation is an economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed (1) , it constitutes an analysis of the (2) underlying inflation and deflation. As (3) by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish (4) David Hume in the 18th century, and (5) , it was a weapon (6) the mercantilists, who were thought to equate wealth with money. If the (7) of money by a nation merely raised (8) , argued the quantity theorists, then a "favourable" balance of trade, (9) desired by mercantilists, would increase the supply of money but would not in-crease (10) . In the 19th century the quantity theory (11) to the ascendancy of free trade over protectionism. In the 19th and 20th centuries it played a part in the (12) of business cycles and in the theory of foreign (13) rates.

The (14) theory came under attack during the 1930s, (15) monetary expansion seemed ineffective in combating deflation. Economists argued that the levels of investment and government spending were more important than the money supply in determining economic activity.

The tide of opinion (16) again in the 1960s, when experience (17) post-World WarⅡ inflation and new empirical (18) of money and prices— (19) A Monetary History of the United States (1963) by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz—restored much of the quantity theory’ s lost prestige. One implication of this theory is that the size of the stock of money must be considered when shaping governmental policies (20) to control prices and maintain full employment.

8()

A.amounts

B.prices

C.levels

D.ranges