Children in any society are expected to learn to conform to a number of social rules and expectations if they are to become participants in the culture. (46)Among the rules that children in our society are expected to learn are that certain classes of adults (such as teachers and doctors) are addressed by titles, that males and females use separate restroom facilities, and that women but not men wear dresses. These are examples of social conventions. In the absence of such a shared norm, the acts are neither right nor wrong. For this reason, conventions may be said to be arbitrary. For example, (47)we could just as easily have students address teachers by first names as have them call teachers by their last names and formal titles of Mr. or Ms.
Conventions, however, serve an important function by providing predictability and order to social life. (48)Without social conventions it would be impossible to organize social institutions such as schools, and societies as organized systems could not exist. The arbitrariness of conventions makes their importance difficult for children to figure out. (49) It is not until some time in adolescence that children come to fully understand the function that these arbitrary conventions serve to provide predictability and order to our social interactions.
In contrast with issues of convention are matters of morality. Morality refers to issues of human welfare, justice, and rights that are a function of the inherent features of interpersonal relations. Because of this, the right and wrong of moral actions are not simply determined by social consensus or the views of authority. For example, it is not possible to hit another person with force and not hurt the other person. Similarly, it is not possible to steal something valuable from someone else and not cause the person to experience the sense of loss. A moral judgment about unprovoked harm ( "It is wrong to hit") would not be dependent on the existence of a socially agreed upon rule or standard but could be generated solely from the intrinsic effects of the act (i.e., hitting hurts). (50)Similar analyses could be done regarding a broader range of issues that would extend beyond direct harm to concerns for what it means to be just, compassionate, and considerate of the rights of others.
(49) It is not until some time in adolescence that children come to fully understand the function that these arbitrary conventions serve to provide predictability and order to our social interactions.
参考答案：
直至青春期之后他们才彻底明白过来，这些随意专断的惯例有为我们的社交行为提供预见与秩序的作用。
解析：
[原文再现] It is not until some time in adolescence that children come to fully understand the function that these arbitrary conventions serve to provide predictability and order to our social interactions.
[结构分析] it is not until...that...为强调句，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句children come...social interactions；该主语从句包含了以function为先行词的定语从句 that these arbitrary...social interactions。
[译点分析]
(1)serve to...: serve to意为“有作用；会；可以”。
(2)provide predictability and order：如果直译为“提供预测性与规则”，不符合中文的表达习惯。由于英文中多用名词少用动词，而汉语则是以动词为主，故在翻译过程中可以将英语中的名词转译为动词，故provide predictability and order to our social interactions
可译为“预测与规范我们的社交”。