问题 问答题

(46) For centuries the smoking of tobacco in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes has produced controversy over possible health hazards, but only since the 1950’s has sufficient scientific evidence accumulated to make possible a thorough evaluation of the health risk.

Scientific investigation of the relationship of smoking and health gained impetus after the beginning of the 20th century, then an increase in lung cancer was noted. As the use of tobacco increased, studies improved. (47) Although some gaps in knowledge still exist, the information now available is sufficient to permit making sound judgments, based on the converging lines of evidence.

(48) Investigators have directed their principal consideration to cigarette smoking because the health consequences attributed to it far exceed those due to smoking cigars and pipes. The widespread popularity of cigarettes is comparatively recent in man’s use of tobacco. The smoking pattern began to change at the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, cigarettes have steadily become more popular than cigars and pipes. (49) In the United States. per capita cigarette consumption — calculated for all persons 15 years of age and older, regardless of whether they smoked—rose from 49 per year in 1900 to 3,888 in 1960. Per capita consumption of cigars, pipe tobacco, and chewing tobacco declined sharply in the same period. Data presented in 1966 indicated a sharp reduction in cigarette smoking in the United States for men under the age of 55 with the trend continuing to 1970.

Further increase in cigarette consumption for women of all ages was reported in 1966 and no further increase was noted 1966 and 1970. However, in 1970 overall per capita cigarette consumption rose.

By 1962 the Royal College of Physicians of London reported:" Cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer and bronchitis, and various other less common diseases. It delays healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers." Some scientists, however, expressed dissenting opinions.

The most widely publicized report in the United States was issued in 1964 by the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health. (50) The principal judgment in the committee’s 150,000-word report was: "Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action." The smokers of pipes and cigars were found to incur less health risk. However, the incidence of cancer and heart disease among them was found to be greater than among nonsmokers.

(48) Investigators have directed their principal consideration to cigarette smoking because the health consequences attributed to it far exceed those due to smoking cigars and pipes

答案

参考答案:

研究者们把主要精力集中在香烟上,因为吸香烟对健康造成的危害远远超出吸雪茄和吸烟斗。

解析:

[要点分析] 此句的翻译要注意动名词短语cigarette smoking和后面代词it在翻译上的差异。如果将cigarette smoking译为“吸香烟”,那么就不好与前面“把主要精力集中在”进行搭配。因此,这里可以简化,翻译为“香烟”。而代词it却应该翻译为“吸香烟”,以便与smoking pipes“吸烟斗”、搭配。考查点:根据汉语中词语间的搭配而灵活翻译英语句子中的同一成分。

单项选择题
单项选择题

某大学新校区拟建设校园网,委托甲公司承建。甲公司的张工程师带队去进行需求调研,获得的部分需求如下:
(1)信息中心距图书馆的管道长度约1.5km,距教学科研楼约350m,距综合实验楼约200m。
(2)图书馆的汇聚交换机置于图书馆主机房内,楼层设备间共两个,分别位于二层和四层,距图书馆主机房距离均大于160m;其中,二层设备间负责一、二层的计算机接入,每层约有30个信息点;四层设备间负责三、四、五层的计算机接入,每层约有26个信息点。
(3)学校网络要求“千兆干线,百兆到桌面”。
(4)信息中心有两条百兆出El线路,在防火墙上根据外网IP设置出口策略,分别从两个出口访问Internet。
(5)信息中心共有多台服务器,通过交换机接入防火墙
(6)信息中心提供的信息服务包括Web、FTP、E-mail、数据库、流媒体等,数据流量较大,要求干兆接入。
在满足网络功能的前提下,本着尽可能节约成本的综合布线选型原则,信息中心与图书馆、教学科研楼、综合实验楼之间的传输介质类型,张工最可能选择的方案是______。
对于图书馆的汇聚交换机,张工最可能选择的方案是______。
对于教学科研楼中连接至每台计算机的交换机,张工最可能选择的方案是______。
根据需求描述和所选交换机类型,图书馆二层设备间、四层设备间分别需要的同一型号交换机的最少台数是______。
对于Internet出口处的防火墙设备,张工最可能选择的方案是______。

A.24个千兆SFP,背板带宽=192G,包转发率=150Mpps
B.12个固定千兆RJ45接口,背板带宽=24G,包转发率=18Mpps
C.24个固定百兆RJ45接口,1个GB IC插槽,包转发率=7.6Mpps
D.背板带宽=1.8T,包转发率=300Mpps,业务插槽数量=8,支持电源冗余