问题 综合题

((12分)阅读下列材料:

材料一凡是未经议会同意,以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力,为非法权力。……

凡未经议会准许,借口国王特权,为国王而征收或供国王使用而征收金钱,超越议会准许之时限或方式者,皆为非法。……

除经议会同意外,平时在本王国内征募或维持常备兵,皆属违法……

——《权利法案》

材料二 “正确估计支配人类心灵的对权力的迷恋及滥用权力的癖好”,提出“行使政治权时,必须把权力分开并分配给各个不同的受托人以便互相制约,并指定受托人为公众福利的保护人以防止他人侵犯。这种相互制约的必要性早已在古代和现代的实验中显示出来”。

——华盛顿

材料三  这一年(1796年),中国的乾隆皇帝传位于嘉庆,自己整整做了61年皇帝。

回答问题:

(1)材料一中的《权利法案》从哪些方面限制国王的权力?在这种体制下英国国王的地位有何变化?(6分)

(2)根据材料二、三以及所学知识,指出美国总统与中国皇帝产生的方式有何不同?(2分)

(3)根据材料和所学知识,谈谈与英国相比,美国在政治体制上作出了哪些重大创新和改变?(4分)

答案

(1)限制:立法权、财 * * (征税权)、军事权。(3分) 地位:最初国王大权在握;到英王权力受到限制;到英王“统而不治”成为象征意义上君主。(3分)

(2)不同:美国总统由选举产生(1分), 中国皇帝则是世袭制。(1分)

(3)创新和改变:创立联邦制;实行民主共和制;体现三权分立、互相制约的原则;总统是国家权力的中心。(任答两点即得4分)

题目分析:(1)本题主要考查学生对材料的理解概括能力。从材料“凡是未经议会同意,以国王权威停止法律或停止法律实施之僭越权力,为非法权力”“凡未经议会准许……为国王而征收或供国王使用而征收金钱”“平时在本王国内征募或维持常备兵,皆属违法”可知《权利法案》限制国王的权力。根据所学知识可知,英国国王地位的变化:最初国王大权在握;到英王权力受到限制;到英王“统而不治”成为象征意义上君主。

(2)本题主要考查学生调动和运用知识的能力。根据材料三“中国的乾隆皇帝传位于嘉庆,自己整整做了61年皇帝”可知中国皇帝的产生方式是世袭制的;根据所学知识可知,美国总统产生的方式是由选民间接选举产生。

(3)本题主要考查学生调动和运用知识的能力。根据材料和所学知识可知,美国在政治体制上作出了重大创新和改变:创立联邦制;实行民主共和制;体现三权分立、互相制约与平衡的原则;总统是国家权力的中心。

综合
单项选择题

(四)

Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little hope of raising the money needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money, for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public’ inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future interests. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of single persons and institutions, both at home and abroad.

When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other Saver who is seeking to invest his money.

Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local organizations. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones and railways, this country could not work. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than’ it is raised through taxes alone. The government, local organizations and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance: major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.

There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another his new money must come from the savings of the country; The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings, can reach those who need finance.

The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the government, local organizations and nationalized industries().

A.to make certain everybody saves money

B.to borrow as much money as they wish

C.to make certain everybody lends money to them

D.to raise money to finance new development