问题 综合题

(15分)历史上重大改革回眸

材料 明朝内阁首辅张居正目睹政局混乱,1573年,他提出了“考成法”。考察标准是“惟以安静宜民者为最,其沿袭旧套虚心矫饰者,虽浮誉素隆,亦列下考。”方法是“若抚按官不熟悉心甄别,而以旧套了事,则吏部为不称职,朝廷宜秉公更置之”,同时又建立制度规定:凡六部都察院的各章奏等转行各衙门,“俱先酌量道里远近,事情缓急,立定程期,置立文薄存照”,实行一件,注销一件,“若各该抚按官奏行事理有稽迟延阁者,该部举之;各部院注销文册有容隐欺蔽者,科臣举之;六科缴本具奏有容隐欺蔽者,臣等举之。如此,月有考,岁有稽,不惟使声必中实,事可责成”。在“考成法”实施中,张居正裁撤了一批冗员,奖励了一批“廉能官员”,“自是,一切术敢饰非,政体为肃”然“有司惯于降罚,遂不分缓急,一概严刑并追。”

——摘编自南炳文 汤纲《中国断代史系列·明史》等

(1)根据材料,概括“考成法”内容的特点。(10分)

(2)简评“考成法”的实施效果。(5分)

答案

(1)确立为民行政、反对因循守旧的官员考核标准;上一级对下一级的官员考核是否合理有处置权;根据事情轻重缓急和路程远近确定事务完成期限;每月逐级监督并考核事务完成质量;考核官员赏罚分明。(10分)

(2)整顿了吏治,提高了行政效率;出现不分轻重、降罚过严的问题。(5分)

题目分析:

(1)该问考查对材料信息的概括能力。“考成法”的考察标准是“惟以安静宜民者为最”;“酌量道里远近,事情缓急,立定程期”,根据事情轻重缓急和路程远近确定事务完成期限;“月有考,岁有稽,不惟使声必中实,事可责成”,每月逐级监督并考核事务完成质量;考核官员赏罚分明。

(2)依据材料分析“考成法”的实施效果:在“考成法”实施中,张居正裁撤了一批冗员,奖励了一批“廉能官员”,“自是,一切术敢饰非,政体为肃”,整顿了吏治,提高了行政效率;然“有司惯于降罚,遂不分缓急,一概严刑并追。”但也出现不分轻重、降罚过严的问题。

阅读理解

                                                              Bicycle tour and race

     A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27( Sat. &Sun.)at 5:30 am, the riders

will leave Tian'an Men Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next

55 kilometers leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part of the tour. The riders

and their bikes will then be taken from Jixian to Changli.

    The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to seaside of Nandaihe, covering a

distance of 20 kilometers. Saturday night includes the stay at Nandaihe and supper. Sunday

morning is free for play at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back

to Beijing.

    Cost: 200 yuan

    Telephone: 4675027 

                                                             Brazilian footballers

    The Brazilian Football Club play Beijing Guo'an Team at the Workers Stadium on August

26.The club has four nation team players. Also coming is 1994 US World Cup star Ronario

who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.

    Ticket prices: 60,100, 150 yuan

    Time /date: 4:30 pm, August 26(Sat.)

    Telephone: 5012372

                                                              Rocking climbing

      The third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26~27 at the Huairou

Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan , Dalian , Jilin and

other places will take part in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators

(观众).

     Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.

    Time/Date: 9~12 am, August 26 and 27

     Telephone: 7143177, 7144850 Wang Zhenghua

1.  The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about _____.

A. visiting teams              

B. famous players

C. things to do for the weekend    

D. prices to pay for the sports events.

2.  If you take part in the bike tour, you will ride for ______.

A. 35 kilometers  

B. 55 kilometers  

C. 75 kilometers  

D. 110 kilometers

3. What is special about the rock climbing competition?______

A. Many foreign teams take part in it.

B. You can watch it without paying.

C. You don't have to be a sportsman to take part in.

D. The bus trip to the places of the competition is free.

4. If you want to do something on Saturday afternoon, which telephone number will you call?______

A. 4675027

B. 7143177

C. 5012372  

D. 7144850

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