问题 单项选择题

支气管哮喘发作时,最有诊断意义的体征是

A.胸廓饱满

B.肋间隙增宽

C.触诊胸部语颤减弱

D.叩诊胸部过清音

E.听诊两肺广泛哮鸣音

答案

参考答案:E

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成小题。

二十四节气

二十四节气起源于黄河流域,也反映了典型北方气候特点。远在春秋时期,中国就已经能用土圭(在平面上竖一根杆子)来测量正午太阳影子的长短,以确定冬至、夏至、春分、秋分四个节气。一年中,土圭在正午时分影子最短的一天为夏至,最长的一天为冬至,影子长度适中的为春分或秋分。春秋时期的著作《尚书》中就已经对节气有所记述,西汉刘安著的《淮南子》一书里就有完整的二十四节气记载了。

我国古代用农历(月亮历)记时,用阳历(太阳历)划分春夏秋冬二十四节气。我们祖先把5天叫一候,3候为一气,称节气,全年分为72候24节气,以后不断地改进和完善。公元前104年,由邓平等制订的《太初历》正式把二十四节气定于历法,明确了二十四节气的天文位置。二十四节气是我国劳动人民独创的文化遗产,与中国古代哲学体系有密切关系,它能反映季节的变化,指导农事活动,影响着千家万户的衣食住行。

太阳从黄经零度起,沿黄经每运行15度所经历的时日称为“一个节气”。每年运行360度,共经历24个节气,每月2个。其中,每月第一个节气为“节气”,它们是:立春、惊蛰、清明、立夏、芒种、小暑、立秋、白露、寒露、立冬、大雪和小寒12个节气;每月的第二个节气为“中气”,它们是:雨水、春分、谷雨、小满、夏至、大暑、处暑、秋分、霜降、小雪、冬至、大寒。“节气”和“中气”交替出现,各历时15天,现在人们已经把“节气”和“中气”统称为“节气”。

从二十四节气的命名可以看出,节气的划分充分考虑了季节、气候、物候等自然现象的变化。

其中,立春、立夏、立秋、立冬是用来反映季节的,将一年划分为春、夏、秋、冬四个季节,反映了四季的开始。春分、秋分、夏至、冬至是从天文角度来划分的,反映了太阳高度变化的转折点。小暑、大暑、处暑、小寒、大寒等五个节气反映气温的变化,用来表示一年中不同时期寒热程度;雨水、谷雨、小雪、大雪四个节气反映了降水现象,表明降雨、降雪的时间和强度;白露、寒露、霜降三个节气表面上反映的是水汽凝结、凝华现象,但实质上反映出了气温逐渐下降的过程和程度:气温下降到一定程度,水汽出现凝露现象;气温继续下降,不仅凝露增多,而且越来越凉;当温度降至摄氏零度以下,水汽凝华为霜。小满、芒种则反映有关作物的成熟和收成情况;惊蛰、清明反映的是自然物候现象,尤其是惊蛰,它用天上初雷和地下蛰虫的复苏,来预示春天的回归。

二十四节气为中国大众所普遍接受,日常生活中随处可见二十四节气的影响,一些节气和民间文化相结合,已经成为人们的固定节日。最著名的清明、立春、立夏、冬至都融入了节日的氛围,夏至、暑伏也与日常生活紧密相连,以至民间有“冬至饺子夏至面”“头伏饺子二伏面,三伏烙饼摊鸡蛋”“冬练三九,夏练三伏”的说法。在这些节令中,往往伴有丰富多彩的民俗活动。

“春雨惊春清谷天,夏满芒夏暑相连,秋处露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒”是大家耳熟能详的谚语。二十四节气内涵十分丰富,其中既包括相关的谚语、歌谣、传说等,又有传统生产工具、生活器具、工艺品、书画等艺术作品,还包括与节令关系密切的节日文化、生产仪式和民间风俗。二十四节气是中国古代农业文明的具体表现,具有很高的农业历史文化的研究价值,因而成为中国一项重要的非物质文化遗产。

小题1:下列对“二十四节气”的阐述,不正确的一项是

A.二十四节气起源于黄河流域。春秋时期,人们已经能用土圭来测量正午太阳影子的长短,并确定了冬至、夏至、春分、秋分四个节气。

B.我国古代把5天叫一候,3候为一气,称节气,全年分72候24节气,这种用农历划分的二十四节气,早在《淮南子》中就有完整记载。

C.二十四节气由我国劳动人民独创,不仅反映了季节的变化,还具有指导农事活动的功能,对人民生活有广泛的影响,是重要的文化遗产。

D.从二十四节气的命名可知,节气的划分充分考虑了季节、气候、物候等自然现象的变化。如立春、立夏、立秋、立冬反映了四季的开始。小题2:下列关于文章内容的表述,不正确的一项是

A.太阳沿黄经每运行15度所经历的时日称为“一个节气”,一年共经历24个节气,“节气”“中气”交替出现,现在人们把它们统称为“节气”。

B.二十四节气的制订经历了不断改进和完善的过程。公元前104年,邓平等人在《太初历》中正式将二十四节气定于历法,并明确了其天文位置。

C.春分、秋分、夏至、冬至等节气反映了太阳高度变化的转折点,而小暑、大暑、处暑、小寒、大寒、小雪、大雪等节气反映气温在一年中的升降变化。

D.“春雨惊春清谷天,夏满芒夏暑相连,秋处露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒”的谚语讲述的是一年的二十四个节气的顺序,民众对此耳熟能详。小题3:根据原文内容,下列理解和分析正确的一项是

A.二十四节气为中国大众所普遍接受,日常生活中随处可见它的影响,这些节气和民间文化结合紧密,已经成为人们的固定节日。

B.民间“冬至饺子夏至面”“冬练三九,夏练三伏”等说法说明夏至、暑伏与日常生活紧密相连,许多民俗活动也在这些节令里开展。

C.“惊蛰”用天上初现惊雷和地下蛰伏的虫子的复苏来预示春天的回归,而在我国南方虫子根本不蛰伏,所以无法有“惊蛰”一说。

D.二十四节气是中国一项重要的非物质文化遗产,所以是中国古代农业文明的具体表现,内涵丰富,具有很高的农业历史文化的研究价值。

单项选择题

Passage Two

When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.
Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a p sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But man’s societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have.
It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man’s societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.
The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.
The units may be "secondary"—machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable (耐用的) materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.
Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.

What does the word "cheer" (Line 2, Para. 1) imply

A.Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets.

B.Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets.

C.Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other planets.

D.Imaginative men can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms of life on other planets.